Origin & Diversity of Land Plants

Question 1

Land plants have ____ ancestry.

Answer 1

algal

Question 2

What are the closest living relative to land plants?

Answer 2

charophytes

Question 3

What do charophytes and land plants have in common?

Answer 3

• cellulose synthesizing proteins
• flagellated sperm
• sporopollenin

Question 4

What keeps zygotes from drying out?

Answer 4

sporopollenin

Question 5

What are the benefits of the terrestrial environment to land plants?

Answer 5

• unfiltered sunlight
• plentiful carbon dioxide
• nutrient-rich soil

Question 6

What are some disadvantages of land plants in terrestrial environments?

Answer 6

• little water
• lack of structural support

Question 7

waxy covering of the epidermis prevents water loss and microbial attack

Answer 7

cuticle

Question 8

specialized pores that allow exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in/out of plants

Answer 8

stomata

Question 9

What are the derived traits of land plants?

Answer 9

• cuticle
• stomata
• alternation of generations
• multicellular, dependent embryos
• walled spores produced in sporangia
• apical meristems

Question 10

What is the life cycle of all land plants?

Answer 10

alternation of generations

Question 11

haploid that produces gametes by mitosis

Answer 11

gametophyte

Question 12

The fusion of gametes produces a _____ ______, which produces _____ _____ by meiosis.

Answer 12

dipolid sporophyte
haploid spores

Question 13

The embryos of land plants are retained in the ____ of the ____ ______.

Answer 13

tissue
female gametophyte

Question 14

multicellular organs that produce spores

Answer 14

sporangia

Question 15

localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots

Answer 15

apical meristem

Question 16

Cells can divide through how much of a plant’s life?

Answer 16

all

Question 17

Apical meristems add _____ to the roots and shoots.

Answer 17

length

Question 18

What are the earliest land plants?

Answer 18

bryophytes

Question 19

What are the traits of bryophytes?

Answer 19

• non-vascular, short
• dominant gametophyte
• flagellated sperm

Question 20

What are the traits of seedless vascular plants?

Answer 20

• vascular, tall
• dominant sporophyte
• spores instead of seeds
• flagellated sperm

Question 21

What are the traits of seed plants?

Answer 21

• vascular, tall
• VERY dominant sporophyte
• seeds
• ovules and pollen

Question 22

What type of seeds do gymnosperms have?

Answer 22

“naked;” no seed casing

Question 23

Where do angiosperm seeds develop?

Answer 23

inside ovaries

Question 24

What do angiosperms produce?

Answer 24

flowers & fruits

Question 25

Angiosperm are widespread and diverse. T or F?

Answer 25

True