Origin & Diversity of Land Plants Flashcards
Land plants have ____ ancestry.
algal
What are the closest living relative to land plants?
charophytes
What do charophytes and land plants have in common?
- cellulose synthesizing proteins
- flagellated sperm
- sporopollenin
What keeps zygotes from drying out?
sporopollenin
What are the benefits of the terrestrial environment to land plants?
- unfiltered sunlight
- plentiful carbon dioxide
- nutrient-rich soil
What are some disadvantages of land plants in terrestrial environments?
- little water
- lack of structural support
waxy covering of the epidermis prevents water loss and microbial attack
cuticle
specialized pores that allow exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in/out of plants
stomata
What are the derived traits of land plants?
- cuticle
- stomata
- alternation of generations
- multicellular, dependent embryos
- walled spores produced in sporangia
- apical meristems
What is the life cycle of all land plants?
alternation of generations
haploid that produces gametes by mitosis
gametophyte
The fusion of gametes produces a _____ ______, which produces _____ _____ by meiosis.
dipolid sporophyte
haploid spores
The embryos of land plants are retained in the ____ of the ____ ______.
tissue
female gametophyte
multicellular organs that produce spores
sporangia
localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots
apical meristem
Cells can divide through how much of a plant’s life?
all
Apical meristems add _____ to the roots and shoots.
length
What are the earliest land plants?
bryophytes
What are the traits of bryophytes?
- non-vascular, short
- dominant gametophyte
- flagellated sperm
What are the traits of seedless vascular plants?
- vascular, tall
- dominant sporophyte
- spores instead of seeds
- flagellated sperm
What are the traits of seed plants?
- vascular, tall
- VERY dominant sporophyte
- seeds
- ovules and pollen
What type of seeds do gymnosperms have?
“naked;” no seed casing
Where do angiosperm seeds develop?
inside ovaries
What do angiosperms produce?
flowers & fruits
Angiosperm are widespread and diverse. T or F?
True
