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Biology GCSE > Plant Reproduction > Flashcards

Plant Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the function of the sepal

A

Protects the unopened flower

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2
Q

What is the function of the petals

A

May be brightly coloured to attract insects

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3
Q

What is the stamen

A

The male part of the flower, comprising an anther attached to a filament

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4
Q

What is the function of the anther

A

Produces the male sex cells (pollen)

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5
Q

What is the male sex cell

A

Pollen

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6
Q

What is the function of the stigma

A

The top of the female part of the flower, which is sticky and collects pollen grains

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7
Q

What is the function of the ovary

A

Produces the female sex cells (contained in the ovules)

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8
Q

What is the function of the receptacle

A

The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached.

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9
Q

What is the function of the filament

A

Is the stalk that supports the anther

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10
Q

Petals are brightly coloured to attract ____________

A

Pollinators

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11
Q

What do nectaries produce and why

A

Nectar because it attracts and feeds bees

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12
Q

What are the streaks on the petals called

A

Nectar guides

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13
Q

What is the purpose of nectar guides

A

To attract pollinating insects to the nectaries

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14
Q

Name 3 features which would suggest that the flower is insect pollinated

A 
Carpel on the inside
Big, brightly coloured petals to attract insects
Sticky stigma
Big sticky pollen grains
Scented flowers and nectaries
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15
Q

Pollination is when the pollen from the ________ of one flower sticks to the ________ of another flower

A

Anther

Stigma

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16
Q

Name 2 differences between a wind pollinated flower and an insect pollinated flower

A

Wind: Small dull petals
No nectaries or strong scents
A lot of small and light pollen grains
Long filaments that hang the anthers outside the plant so that pollen gets blown away by the wind
A large and feathery stigma to catch pollen as it’s carried away by the wind. Also often hangs outside
Insect: Petals are big and colourful
Scented flowers and nectaries to attract insects
Big, sticky pollen grains that stick to insects as they go from plant to plant
Sticky stigma so that any pollen picked up by insects on other plants will stick to it.

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17
Q

Fertilisation: The pollen grain lands on the __________ and a _________ _______ starts to grow. The pollen tube releases digestive _________ which help the tube grow down into the _________. It grows round into the _________________ (the opening in the ovary). The male nucleus travels down the pollen tube and into the ________. Here it fertilises the egg cell (______) nucleus

A 
Stigma
Pollen tube
Enzymes
Ovary
Micropyle
Ovule
Ovum
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18
Q

Where is the female nucleus (egg) stored

A

Embryo sac

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19
Q

What is the function of the style

A

To support the stigma and connect it the ovary

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20
Q

Name 3 features which would suggest that the flower is wind pollinated

A 
Small/dull petals
No nectaries / strong scents
Lots of pollen grains
Long filaments which hang the anthers outside the flower
Small and light pollen grains
Large feathery stigma to catch pollen
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21
Q

Plants that are adapted to insect pollination will often have petals that are big and ______________ as well as scented flowers and nectaries to attract ___________. They have big, sticky ________ grains that stick to insects as they go from plant to plant. Finally they also have _______ stigma so that any pollen picked up by insects on other plants will stick it.

A

Colourful
Insects/pollinators
Pollen
Sticky

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22
Q

Are fruits and seeds are formed from the flowers or leaves

A

Flowers

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23
Q

When seeds are dried out they are they said to be dead or dormant

A

Dormant

24
Q

What does the seed coat do

A

Protects the seed

25
Q

The __________ consists of the plumule and radicle

A

Embryo

26
Q

What does the seed leaf (cotyledon) do

A

Stores food

27
Q

What does dormant mean

A

Not dead, in the right conditions they can grow again

28
Q

When seeds are dormant they can __________ summer drought and winter cold

A

Survive

29
Q

If iodine is placed on the seed leaves of a broad been, they will turn __________ because they contain _______ which will feed the _________ when it starts to grow

A

Black
Starch
Embryo

30
Q

Regarding sexual and asexual reproduction: Are sex cells produced

A

Sexual: Yes
Asexual: No

31
Q

Regarding sexual and asexual reproduction: Does fertilisation take place

A

Sexual: Yes
Asexual: No

32
Q

Regarding sexual and asexual reproduction: Is there variation in offspring

A

Sexual: Yes
Asexual: No

33
Q

Sexual reproduction has survival value in a __________ environment and
Asexual has survival value in a _________ environment

A

Sexual: changing environment
Asexual: Stable

34
Q

___________ is the plant growth hormone grown in the _____ of the __________ and __________

A

Auxin
Tip
Shoots
Roots

35
Q

Ethene is a hormone made by many fruits which causes the fruit to ________

A

Ripen

36
Q

Bananas are picked up when they are unripe and transported in ships. During storage ethene is used to make them _______.

A

Ripen

37
Q

What is a stimulus

A

A condition that affects plant growth

38
Q

What is a tropism

A

A directional growth movement made by a plant part in response to a stimulus

39
Q

What is a positive tropism

A

A growth towards a stimulus

40
Q

What is a negative tropism

A

A growth away from a stimulus

41
Q

What is phototropism

A

Growth in response to light

42
Q

What is a hydrotropism

A

Growth in response to water

43
Q

What is geotropism

A

Growth in response to gravity

44
Q

What is a coleoptile

A

Similar to stems but easier to grow and use in experiments

45
Q

What 2 parts are inside the stamen

A

Anther

Filament

46
Q

What 3 parts are inside the Carpel

A

Stigma
Style
Ovary

47
Q

What is germination

A

The process by which a plant grows from a seed

48
Q

What happens inside a plant grow to make it towards light

A

More auxin accumulates on the side of the plant that’s in the shade. This makes the plant grow faster on the shaded side so the plant bends towards the light

49
Q

What is the carpel

A

The female part of the flower, comprising of the ovary, style and stigma

50
Q

Describe fertilisation in a plant

A

Pollen lands on stigma
Pollen tube grows down through the style to the ovary and into the ovule
Nucleus from the male gamete moves down the tube
It joins with the female gamete = fertilisation

51
Q

What happens to the female gamete and ovary after fertilisation

A

The female gamete forms a seed

The ovary develops into a fruit around the seed

52
Q

A seed often lies dormant until the conditions are right for __________________

A

Germination

53
Q

What conditions are needed for germination and why

A

Water - to activate enzymes
Oxygen - for respiration
A suitable temperature

54
Q

Describe germination

A

The seed takes in water
The root grows down
Then the shoot grows up
Finally, extra roots grow and the first green leaves appear

55
Q

A developed seed contains an embryo and a store of ________ reserves, wrapped in a hard seed coat
When a seed starts to germinate, it gets __________ for respiration from its own _________ store, giving it the energy needed to grow. Once the plant has grown enough to produce green leaves, it can get its own food by _______________

A

Food
Glucose
Food
Photosynthesis

56
Q

The parent strawberry sends out __________. These take root at various points and new plants start to grow. The new plants are clones of the parent plant. This is ______________ reproduction

A

Runners

Asexual

57
Q

What are runners

A

Fast-growing stems that grow out sideways, just above the ground

Biology GCSE (28 decks)

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