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Biology GCSE > Gas Exchange In Plants > Flashcards

Gas Exchange In Plants Flashcards

1
Q

What is a chloroplast

A

Part of the plant cell that is used for photosynthesis

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2
Q

What is chlorophyll

A

A green compound that absorbs light

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3
Q

What is an epidermis

A

Thin layer of cells (top + bottom)

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4
Q

What does the phloem do

A

Transport sugars around the plant

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5
Q

What does the xylem do

A

Transports water + mineral ions around the plant

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6
Q

What is respiration

A

A process which uses glucose to make energy

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7
Q

What are stomata

A

Minute pores which open to allow co2 to diffuse into the leaf

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8
Q

What is the function of the vein

A

To transport xylem and phloem and support the leaf

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9
Q

Which cell contains chloroplasts

A

Palisade cell

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10
Q

Which part of the plant contains chloroplasts

A

Chlorophyll

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11
Q

Where are the xylem and the phloem cells contained

A

Veins

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12
Q

What is transpiration

A

The process by which water vapour is lost from leaves

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13
Q

There are lots of stomata on the _________ surface of the lower epidermis. Why?

A

Upper surface because otherwise they lose water

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14
Q

____________ triggers the movement of minerals into the guard cells. This makes water move into the guard cells by __________. As water moves in, the guard cells become swollen or ‘________’ and the cell bends because the inner cell wall is thicker making the stomata _______

A

Sunlight
Osmosis
Turgid
Open

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15
Q

In the dark, water _________ the guard cells and they become ____________ making the stomata ____________

A

Leaves
Flaccid
Close

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16
Q

What is transpiration

A

The loss of water by evaporation through the stomata.

It is a side-effect of the way leaves are adapted for photosynthesis

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17
Q

Either side of the stomata are 2 banana-shaped _________ cells

A

Guard cells

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18
Q

The part of the cell wall nearest to the stoma is __________ than the cell wall elsewhere in the cell. As the guard cell becomes more turgid, this uneven thickness of cell wall causes the cell to bend outwards which opens the _________

A

Thicker

Stomata

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19
Q

In the light, water ________ the guard cells by osmosis from the surrounding epidermis cells

A

Enters

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20
Q

In the light, the guard cells use energy to accumulate solutes in their _________ which causes water to be drawn into them by osmosis

A

Vacuoles

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21
Q

Name the equipment that can be used to measure the rate of transpiration

A

Potometer

22
Q

Transpiration is the evaporation of _______ from leaves. It escapes through tiny pores called __________

A

Water

Stomata

23
Q

How does light affect the rate of transpiration and why

A

It increases because the stomata open wider to allow more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis

24
Q

How does high temperature affect the rate of transpiration and why

A

It is faster in higher temperatures because evaporation and diffusion are faster at higher temperatures

25
Q

How does wind affect the rate of transpiration and why

A

It is faster in windy conditions because water vapour is removed quickly, so more water vapour diffuses out of the leaf

26
Q

What will happen to the rate of transpiration if it is humid

A

It is slower because diffusion of water vapour out of the leaf slows down if the leaf is already surrounded by moist air

27
Q

Why is transpiration important

A
  • It supplies water for the leaf cells to carry out photosynthesis
  • Carries mineral ions dissolved in water
  • Provides water to keep the plant cells turgid
  • Allows evaporation form the leaf surface which cools the leaf, in a similar way that sweat cools the human skin
28
Q

Inside a plant, water moves from cell to cell by __________

A

Osmosis

29
Q

The long thin outer projection of the _____ ______ cells penetrates between the soil water particles, reaching the soil water. The soil water has a a higher potential than the inside of the cell which allows water to enter the cell by ___________

A

Root hair cells

Osmosis

30
Q

Water leaves the cells of the leaf mesophyll and evaporates into the air spaces between the _________ _____________ cells

A

Spongy mesophyll cells

31
Q

Why is it important that root hair cells have a large surface area

A

It means that more mineral ions can be diffused into it - efficient absorption

32
Q

What does the term partially permeable mean

A

Will allow certain solutes (e.g water) through

33
Q

Suggest a reason for the large numbers of mitochondria present in cells involved in active transport

A

Make energy for respiration

34
Q

_____________ are not found in all plant cells. For example, they are not found in root hair cells

A

Chloroplasts

35
Q

What colour does hydrogen-carbonate indicator if there are high levels of Co2

A

Yellow

36
Q

What colour does hydrogen-carbonate indicator if there are low levels of Co2

A

Purple

37
Q

What colour does hydrogen-carbonate indicator if there are normal levels of Co2

A

Red

38
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + Water –> Glucose + Oxygen

39
Q

Symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

40
Q

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis (3)

A

Large surface area
Chloroplasts on palisade layer
Upper epidermis is transparent
Thin for gas exchange

41
Q

What is a limiting factor

A

Something which stops photosynthesis from happening any faster

42
Q

Palisade mesophyll layer

A

These have the most chloroplasts - where most photosynthesis takes place

43
Q

Spongy mesophyll layer

A

Cells with big air spaces around them for gas exchange

44
Q

Waxy cuticle

A

A transparent, waterproof layer that lets light through.
Water runs off it.
It also acts as a barrier to the entry of disease causing microorganisms

45
Q

Upper epidermis

A

Like the cuticle
Single, transparent, layer of cells with no chloroplasts - allows sunlight through to the epidermis where there are chloroplasts

46
Q

Vascular bundle

A

Transport vessels of xylem and phloem

47
Q

Lower epidermis

A

Has lots of tiny holes called stomata which allow gases to diffuse in and out

48
Q

Guard cell

A

A pair of curved cells that surround a stoma

49
Q

How are leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange

A

Broad leaves
Thin leaves
Air spaces inside leaf
Stomata on lower surface for gas exchange

50
Q

What will a plant do if there is a lack of water from the roots

A 
Stop photosynthesising (bad)
But if they didn't, the plant might dry out and die (worse)

Biology GCSE (28 decks)

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