Human Reproduction Flashcards
There are two testes situated in a sac called the __________
Scrotum
The testes contain lots of narrow tubules where __________ are produced in large numbers
Sperm
Where is testosterone produced
In the testes
What is the male sex hormone
Testosterone
Why does the scrotal sac hold the testes outside of the body
Because it is cooler - better for sperm production
The sperm duct carries sperm from the testis to the _________
Urethra
The ________ ______ carries sperm from the testis to the urethra
Sperm duct
The urethra carries urine from the ___________ as well as _______
Bladder
Semen
The __________ is located inside the penis, which also contains erectile tissue. During sexual intercourse, this spongy tissue fills with _________ and the penis become erect
Urethra
Blood
How many ovaries are there
2
Ovaries produce eggs or _____ as well as female sex hormones (____________ and progesterone) that regulate the __________ cycle
Ova
Oestrogen
Menstrual
One egg is released about every 28 days from ____________ ovaries
Alternate
Two fallopian tubes (more commonly known as __________) transport the ovum from the ________ to the womb (also called the ___________)
Oviducts
Ovary
Uterus
Oviducts have delicate fronds that waft the ______ along
Ovum
Where does fertilisation of an egg occur
In the oviducts
The _________ is a strong muscular organ where an embryo develops
Uterus
After an egg is released from the __________, a blood-filled lining develops on the walls of the _________ in preparation for the nourishment of the unborn baby. If no fertilisation of the egg occurs, then this lining passes out through the vagina over several days as a ___________
Ovary
Uterus
Period
The neck of the uterus is called the _________, and is a muscular opening between the uterus and the __________
Cervix
Vagina
During pregnancy a mucus plug forms across the ________ separating the uterus from the outside to prevent ___________ of the unborn baby
Cervix
Infection
The vagina is an elastic and muscular ________ that stretches during birth to allow for the passage of the _______
Organ
Baby
A baby girl is born with around half a million eggs already in her undeveloped __________. However only around _____ are released in her lifetime
Ovaries
400
When an egg cell is released from an ovary, it is carried into the oviducts by the beating action of the _______ on the inner surface of the tube and the contraction of muscles in the oviducts
Cilia
If fertilisation occurs, then it takes place in the ________ part of the fallopian tube (oviduct)
Upper
Sperm are made in the _________ and stored in the _____________
Testis
Epididymis
Sperm have a tail or ____________
Flagellum
The middle part of a sperm is packed with __________________ which carry out ___________ respiration to provide the __________ required for swimming
Mitochondria
Aerobic
Energy
The __________ gland and seminal vesicles produce fluid that provides sperm with nutrients and protection. When mixed with sperm, this fluid is called _________
Prostate
Semen
When sperm are released into the female, _____________ fertilisation takes place. When sperm is released into the environment (e.g. fish release sperm into water), ____________ fertilisastion takes place
Internal
External
Give 2 functions of the ovary
Contain/store eggs
Hormones are made
Sexual reproduction involves ____ parents. Sex cells or __________ are produced
Two
Gametes
Gametes join together at fertilisation to form a ________ or fertilised egg
Zygote
In humans the zygote divides to form an _____________
Embryo
The embryo implants into the _________ lining and grows into a _________
Uterus
Foetus
A ___________ forms between the uterus and foetus
Placenta
The ____________ controls the passage of substances between the mother and foetus
Placenta
What is menstruation
The loss of blood and cells from the uterus lining
What is ovulation
The release of a new egg from the ovary
Sex cells involved in human reproduction are known as _____________
Gametes
The cell division used to make sex cells is called ___________ and in males this takes place in the __________
Meiosis
Testes
Why does the number and size of human male gametes differ from the number and size of human female gametes
To increase the chances of fertilisation
Eggs being big makes them an easy target - sperm being small means they can swim properly
