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Biology GCSE > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

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1
Q

There are two testes situated in a sac called the __________

A

Scrotum

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2
Q

The testes contain lots of narrow tubules where __________ are produced in large numbers

A

Sperm

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3
Q

Where is testosterone produced

A

In the testes

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4
Q

What is the male sex hormone

A

Testosterone

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5
Q

Why does the scrotal sac hold the testes outside of the body

A

Because it is cooler - better for sperm production

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6
Q

The sperm duct carries sperm from the testis to the _________

A

Urethra

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7
Q

The ________ ______ carries sperm from the testis to the urethra

A

Sperm duct

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8
Q

The urethra carries urine from the ___________ as well as _______

A

Bladder

Semen

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9
Q

The __________ is located inside the penis, which also contains erectile tissue. During sexual intercourse, this spongy tissue fills with _________ and the penis become erect

A

Urethra

Blood

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10
Q

How many ovaries are there

A

2

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11
Q

Ovaries produce eggs or _____ as well as female sex hormones (____________ and progesterone) that regulate the __________ cycle

A

Ova
Oestrogen
Menstrual

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12
Q

One egg is released about every 28 days from ____________ ovaries

A

Alternate

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13
Q

Two fallopian tubes (more commonly known as __________) transport the ovum from the ________ to the womb (also called the ___________)

A

Oviducts
Ovary
Uterus

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14
Q

Oviducts have delicate fronds that waft the ______ along

A

Ovum

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15
Q

Where does fertilisation of an egg occur

A

In the oviducts

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16
Q

The _________ is a strong muscular organ where an embryo develops

A

Uterus

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17
Q

After an egg is released from the __________, a blood-filled lining develops on the walls of the _________ in preparation for the nourishment of the unborn baby. If no fertilisation of the egg occurs, then this lining passes out through the vagina over several days as a ___________

A

Ovary
Uterus
Period

18
Q

The neck of the uterus is called the _________, and is a muscular opening between the uterus and the __________

A

Cervix

Vagina

19
Q

During pregnancy a mucus plug forms across the ________ separating the uterus from the outside to prevent ___________ of the unborn baby

A

Cervix

Infection

20
Q

The vagina is an elastic and muscular ________ that stretches during birth to allow for the passage of the _______

A

Organ

Baby

21
Q

A baby girl is born with around half a million eggs already in her undeveloped __________. However only around _____ are released in her lifetime

A

Ovaries

400

22
Q

When an egg cell is released from an ovary, it is carried into the oviducts by the beating action of the _______ on the inner surface of the tube and the contraction of muscles in the oviducts

A

Cilia

23
Q

If fertilisation occurs, then it takes place in the ________ part of the fallopian tube (oviduct)

A

Upper

24
Q

Sperm are made in the _________ and stored in the _____________

A

Testis

Epididymis

25
Q

Sperm have a tail or ____________

A

Flagellum

26
Q

The middle part of a sperm is packed with __________________ which carry out ___________ respiration to provide the __________ required for swimming

A

Mitochondria
Aerobic
Energy

27
Q

The __________ gland and seminal vesicles produce fluid that provides sperm with nutrients and protection. When mixed with sperm, this fluid is called _________

A

Prostate

Semen

28
Q

When sperm are released into the female, _____________ fertilisation takes place. When sperm is released into the environment (e.g. fish release sperm into water), ____________ fertilisastion takes place

A

Internal

External

29
Q

Give 2 functions of the ovary

A

Contain/store eggs

Hormones are made

30
Q

Sexual reproduction involves ____ parents. Sex cells or __________ are produced

A

Two

Gametes

31
Q

Gametes join together at fertilisation to form a ________ or fertilised egg

A

Zygote

32
Q

In humans the zygote divides to form an _____________

A

Embryo

33
Q

The embryo implants into the _________ lining and grows into a _________

A

Uterus

Foetus

34
Q

A ___________ forms between the uterus and foetus

A

Placenta

35
Q

The ____________ controls the passage of substances between the mother and foetus

A

Placenta

36
Q

What is menstruation

A

The loss of blood and cells from the uterus lining

37
Q

What is ovulation

A

The release of a new egg from the ovary

38
Q

Sex cells involved in human reproduction are known as _____________

A

Gametes

39
Q

The cell division used to make sex cells is called ___________ and in males this takes place in the __________

A

Meiosis

Testes

40
Q

Why does the number and size of human male gametes differ from the number and size of human female gametes

A

To increase the chances of fertilisation

Eggs being big makes them an easy target - sperm being small means they can swim properly

Biology GCSE (28 decks)

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