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Biology GCSE > Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

The menstrual cycle is controlled by ___________

A

Hormones

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2
Q

How many hormones are involved in the menstrual cycle

A

4

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3
Q

Name the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle

A

FSH
Oestrogen
LH
Progesterone

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4
Q

FSH is released by the ___________

A

Pituitary

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5
Q

Oestrogen is released by the _____

_____

A

Ovaries

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6
Q

LH is released by the ___________

A

Pituitary

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7
Q

Progesterone is released by the ____________

A

Ovaries

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8
Q

What does FSH do

A

Makes ovaries mature an egg

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9
Q

What does Oestrogen do

A

Makes womb lining build up ready to receive egg

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10
Q

What does LH do

A

Makes ovaries release an egg

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11
Q

What does Progesterone do

A

Completes development of uterus lining

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12
Q

FSH makes the ovaries produce ___________

A

Oestrogen

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13
Q

Oestrogen makes the pituitary release ________

A

LH

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14
Q

LH triggers the release of ___________

A

Progesterone

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15
Q

Which hormones inhibit which hormones

A

FSH inhibits nothing
Oestrogen inhibits FSH
LH inhibits nothing
Progesterone inhibits FSH AND LH

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16
Q

If fertilisation doesn’t happen then what happens to the corpus luteum

A

It breaks down

17
Q

What is the corpus luteum and what does it produce

A

A follicle that produces progesterone

18
Q

If the corpus luteum breaks down then which hormone stops being released leading to FSH being released again

A

Progesterone

19
Q

If fertilisation takes place : The corpus luteum won’t ________ ________, progesterone levels will stay ________ meaning that FSH is __________, the womb lining stays _________, the egg will __________ into the womb

A 
Break down
High
Inhibited
Thick
Implant
20
Q

Later in pregnancy the ____________ secretes progesterone

A

Placenta

21
Q

What happens during week 1

A

Menstruation

22
Q

What happens during week 2

A

The womb lining is repaired

23
Q

What happens on day 14 (between weeks 2 and 3)

A

Ovulation

24
Q

What happens during weeks 3 and 4

A

Womb lining is maintained

25
Q

How long is the average menstrual cycle

A

28 days (4 weeks)

26
Q

How long does menstruation last

A

5 days

27
Q

How long can a sperm survive in the uterus for

A

Up to 3 days

28
Q

How long does the egg (ovum) live for

A

About 36 hours

29
Q

What does amniotic fluid do

A

The amnion membrane surrounds the embryo and is full of amniotic fluid which protects the baby from knocks and bumps

30
Q

Which substances pass from the mother’s blood into the embryo’s blood via the placenta

A 
Fatty acids + glycerol
Water
Oxygenated blood
Glucose
Amino acids
31
Q

Which substances pass from the embryo’s blood into the mother’s blood via the placenta

A

Carbon dioxide
Urea
Deoxygenated blood

32
Q

Why must the mother’s blood and the embryo’s blood not come into contact

A

They could have different blood types

33
Q

How do substances pass between the mother and the baby

A

By diffusion through the placenta

34
Q

The sperm cell will release ___________ to break down the ovum’s cell membrame

A

Enzymes

35
Q

What is the stage between a fertilised egg cell and an embryo

A

A zygote

36
Q

The pituitary gland releases oxytocin at 40 weeks which stimulates _________

A

Muscles in the uterus wall to contract

37
Q

At birth the pituitary releases prolactin which stimulates what

A

The breasts to stimulate milk

38
Q

What is ovulation

A

The release of an egg

39
Q

What is the placenta

A

An organ which allows the blood of the embryo and mother to get very close to allow for the exchangeof useful substances

Biology GCSE (28 decks)

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