Food and Nutrition Flashcards
Chemical elements in carbohydrates
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbohydrates are needed for
Energy
Chemical elements in lipids
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Just like carbohydrates but much less oxygen
Diagram of a carbohydrate
Glucose is a pentagon
Starch is lots of pentagons in a line
•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•-•
Lipids are needed for
Insulation
Protection of organs
Long term energy store
Diagrams of lipids
Rectangle with 3 zigzags coming from the right
|||||/\/\/\/\/\/
|||||/\/\/\/\/\/
|||||/\/\/\/\/\/
Food sources of lipids
Chocolate
Butter
Cream
Proteins are needed for (2)
Growth and repair
Enzymes are proteins
Chemical elements in proteins
As usual: •Carbon •Hydrogen •Oxygen But also: •Nitrate •Sulphate •Phosphorus
CHONSP
True or false:
Enzymes are made of protein
True
Good food sources of protiens
Eggs
Fish
Meat
Milk
Diagram of protiens
Amino acids in a chain Amino acids are lots of different shapes Pentagon Triangle Circle
Proteins are made up of:
Amino acids
What do you use to test for sugar
Benedicts
What do you use to test for starch
Iodine
What do you use to test for protein
Biuret
What do you use to test for lipids
Ethanol
+ water
Positive and negative test for:
Sugar
Colour changes from: Blue to Green to Yellow to Orange to Brick red
Positive: Brick red or orange
Negative: Blue
Positive and negative test for:
Starch
Positive: Blue/Black
Negative: Stays Orange/Brown
Positive and negative test for:
Protein
Positive: Lilac
Negative: Pale Blue
Test details for sugar:
Put glucose solution into test tube
Add a few drops of Benedict’s
Put test tube into boiling water
Positive and negative test for:
Lipids
Positive: Cloudy
Negative: Clear
Test details for starch:
Add a few drops of iodine to starch solution
Test details for lipids:
- Add 2cm cubed of ethanol to some cooking oil
- Shake test tube
- Add 2cm cubed of water
- Shake again
Test details for protein:
Add a few drops of Biuret B followed by a few drops of Biuret A to protein solution
What is starch a polymer of
Long chain of glucose
What is starch a polymer of
Glucose
What is glycogen a polymer of
Glucose
Name 7 components needed for a balanced diet
Carbohydrates---Can Lipids---Luke Proteins---Puke Minerals---Much Vitamins---Vomit Water---Without Fibre---Fail
What are the 2 building blocks of lipids
Fatty acids
Glycerol
What is an essential amino acid
An amino acid which is needed to make protein that we need to have from our diet
Which food type contain starch
Carbohydrates
If you rub fat on a piece of paper then it will go ____________
Translucent
Where is cholesterol made
The liver
What is fibre
Undigestible plant material
Why do we need minerals
Help release energy from food
We need fibre because:
It helps digestion
Why do we need vitamins
To help us concentrate
Staying calm making quick decisions
Why can’t humans digest cellulose
Our gut doesn’t create the correct enzyme
Foods which contain vitamin A
Carrots
Foods which contain iron:
Fish
Red meat
Broccoli
Foods that contain vitamin C
Oranges
Lemons
Lime
Foods which contain calcium:
Milk
Yoghurt
Cheese
Deficiency disease:
Calcium
Rickets
Foods which contain vitamin D
Eggs
Deficiency disease:
Vitamin A
Night blindness
Deficiency disease:
Vitamin C
Scurvy
Importance of:
Iron
Makes haemoglobin for healthy blood
Prevents anemia
Deficiency disease:
Vitamin D
Rickets
Symptoms of Rickets:
Bone deformity
Symptoms for night blindness
Vitamin is needed to make a light sensitive chemical in the retina
Poor vision in dim light
Symptoms of Anemia:
Can't make haemoglobin for red blood cells Tired, lack of energy Blood can't carry enough oxygen Weakness Pale skin Shortness of breath Dizziness
Symptoms of scurvy
Wounds can’t heal and bleeding occurs especially around gums
What does obese mean
Clinically overweight
Energy requirements depend on
Age
Gender
Body size
Occupation
How to find the energy in food
It takes 4.2J of energy to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1°C
Therefore energy =
Mass of + temperature change x 4.2
water
Energy in food calculation
Energy in food (J) = mass of water (g) x temperature change of water (degrees C) x 4.2
What is a polymer
A substance which has molecular structure built up from a large number of similar units bonded together
Carbohydrates are made up of starch (which is made up of __________ and glycogen (which is made up of ____________)
Maltose
Glucose
Importance of calcium:
Makes bones and teeth
Importance of Vitamin D
Needed for calcium absorption
