Plant Diversity – Plants with Spores (not seeds)

Question 1

protonema and ploidy levels

Answer 1

Protonemata are the early, filamentous, haploid stage in the life cycle of mosses and other bryophytes. They serve as the starting point for the development of the mature gametophyte, which is the dominant, leafy phase of the moss plant.

Question 2

rhizoids and ploidy levels

Answer 2

rhizoids are thread-like structures in non-vascular plants like mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are typically haploid (n) and serve to anchor the plants to their surroundings.

Question 3

male/female gametophytes, archegonia/
antheridia and ploidy levels

Answer 3

Male gametophyte in mosses produces sperm cells.
Haploid. Antheridia are male reproductive structures found on the male gametophyte.

Female gametophyte in mosses produces egg cells.
Haploid Archegonia are female reproductive structures found on the female gametophyte.

Question 4

sperm/egg and ploidy levels

Answer 4

Produced in anteridia/archegonia, haploid

Question 5

sporophyte and ploidy levels

Answer 5

stalk-like structure that grows on and is dependent upon the gametophyte diploid

Question 6

seta and ploidy levels

Answer 6

The seta is part of the sporophyte, which is the diploid (2n) it is important for the elevation and dispersal of the sporangium, which contains spore mother cells

Question 7

sporangia and ploidy levels

Answer 7

Within the sporangium, specialized cells called spore mother cells undergo meiosis to produce haploid (n) spores.

Question 8

spores and ploidy levels

Answer 8

produced by sporangium as part of the sporophyte generation. They disperse and are starting point for the development of new moss gametophytes

Question 9

where does meiosis take place and ploidy levels

Answer 9

Within the sporangia

Question 10

thallus and ploidy levels

Answer 10

Phylum Hepatophyta (liver worts), main vegetative body or structure of the gametophyte generation, haploid

Question 11

gemmae and ploidy levels

Answer 11

Phylum Hepatophyta, gemmae can be splashed or dispersed from the cups by raindrops or etc, and develop into gametophyte plants

Question 12

gemmae cups and ploidy levels

Answer 12

Phylum Hepatophyta, are what hold gemmae togther and develop new gametophyte plants

Question 13

What are the vascular tissues (xylem, phloem)

Answer 13

Xylem transports water and minerals upward from the roots to the aerial parts of the plant. Phloem transports nutrients in both upward (source to sink) and downward (sink to source) directions, depending on the plant’s current needs

Question 14

what are the terms monecious and
dioecious

Answer 14

Monoecious plants are those that have both male and female reproductive structures on the same individual plant. Dioecious plants are those in which male and female reproductive structures are found on separate individual plants.

Question 15

roots and ploidy levels

Answer 15

part of the diploid sporophyte generation (2n). They are involved in anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.

Question 16

leaves (fronds) and ploidy levels

Answer 16

Fronds are diploid (2n), part of the sporophyte generation, which is the dominant. Help with photosynthesis

Question 17

annulus and ploidy levels

Answer 17

Diploid, specialized ring-shaped structure at the base of the sporangium, which is the spore-producing structure in ferns.
The primary function of the annulus is to help in the dispersal of spores.

Question 18

Sporophyll

Answer 18

facilitate the production and dispersal of spores

Question 19

megasporangia

Answer 19

Diploid, found in ovules, production of female gametophytes and facilitating sexual reproduction (housing), Only in Bryophyta

Question 20

megaspores

Answer 20

Only in Bryophyta, haploid, located in the megasporangia, ensure the production of female gametophytes and contribute to sexual reproduction and seed formation

Question 21

microsporangia

Answer 21

haploid, found in anthers, production of male gametophytes (pollen) and facilitating sexual reproduction

Question 22

microspores

Answer 22

haploid, produced in microsporangia, production of male gametophytes (which are contained in pollen) and facilitating sexual reproduction.

Question 23

young sporophyte

Answer 23

Diploid, early developmental stage of a plant that represents the diploid phase of the plant’s life cycle

Question 24

mature sporophyte

Answer 24

Only in Bryophyta, diploid, responsible for the production of reproductive structures

Question 25

Class Pteropsida

Answer 25

True ferns

Question 26

Class Psilopsida

Answer 26

Whisk Ferns

Question 27

HorsetailsClass Sphenopsida

Answer 27

Horsetails

Question 28

sori and ploidy levels

Answer 28

are clusters of sporangia, which are structures involved in spore production and dispersal. found on the undersides of fern fronds. Sporangia within sori are diploid. Which undergoes meiosis to produce haploid spores

Question 29

Phylum Bryophyta

Answer 29

moss

Question 30

Phylum Hepatophyta

Answer 30

liverwort

Question 31

Phylum Monilophyta

Answer 31

fern and horsetails

Question 32

Phylum Lycophyta

Answer 32

(Seedless vascular Plants)