Animal Kingdom

Question 1

Porifera

Answer 1

Porifera sponges
No true tissues- (Parazoa clade)
* Asymmetrical (some are radial)
* Suspension or filter feeders- eating fine
particles in water ( bacteria, algae)
* Push a lot of water through body-
constantly.
* Flow is unidirectional pushed by flagella
– In through ostia (pores) exits the osculum

Question 2

spicules

Answer 2

SiO2

Question 3

amoebocytes

Answer 3

transfer food, gametes, immunity, make mesohyl, spicules, gemmules

Question 4

porocytes

Answer 4

control water flow

Question 5

choanocytes

Answer 5

feeding, water movement

Question 6

pinacocytes

Answer 6

covering cells like epidermis

Question 7

mesohyl of spongin

Answer 7

protein structural framework
The cells layers form in/on it
* Made by amoebocytes
* Made up of :
– Collagen-like protein –Spongin
– Spicules- SiO2

Question 8

spongocoel

Answer 8

enables the sponge to maintain a continuous flow of water through its body, facilitating feeding and respiration.

Question 9

gemmules

Answer 9

specialized asexual reproductive structures

Question 10

incurrent canal

Answer 10

allows sponges to efficiently capture food particles and oxygen from their aquatic environments. ( tubular or channel-like structures within the body of a sponge. Collar cells)

Question 11

radial canal

Answer 11

facilitate essential functions, including locomotion, feeding, and respiration, and they are a characteristic feature of this diverse group of marine animals.

Question 12

Clade: Eumetazoa

Answer 12

Other animals (true Tissues)

Question 13

Clade: Radialaria

Answer 13

– Radial symmetry and diploblastic, Classes: Cnidaria, Scyphozoa,Anthozoa

Question 14

Clade: Bilateria

Answer 14

triploblastic

Question 15

Clade: Lophotrochozoa

Question 16

Cnidaria (class)

Answer 16

o have a simple nervous net and contractile cells
o Hydrozoa (class)
 Hydra sp. (genus)
* gastrovascular cavity, tentacles, cnidocytes with
nematocysts,
 Polyp vs. Medusa body forms
 budding, gastrodermis, epidermis, mesoglea,
 (Obelia) perisarc, gonagium, theca, etc

Question 17

Scyphozoa (class)

Answer 17

True Sea Jellies (aka-Jellyfish)
 Lifecycle- medusa, scyphistoma, strobilus, ephyra
 know anatomy of ephyra and medusa - gastric pouches,
rhopalium,

Question 18

Anthozoa (class)

Answer 18

Primary septum, secondary septum, gonads, acontia,
pharynx, siphonoglyph, retractor muscles
 Coral samples: mineralized theca

Question 19

Platyhelminthes

Answer 19

flatworms
 Have real muscles & nerves
 Aceolmate/Compact body form with no body cavity (coelom)
o Turbellaria (class) Flatworms, Planarians

Question 20

Platyhelminthes: Trematoda (class)

Answer 20

Flukes- parasites (Liver fluke)
Oral sucker, Ventral sucker, Ovary, Testis

Question 21

Platyhelminthes: Cestoda (class)

Answer 21

Tapeworms
Scolex, suckers & hooks, proglottids (“segments” of
colonial animal)

Question 22

Syndermata

Answer 22

the Rotifers.
 All females: Many reproduce by Parthenogenesis.
 Live mount: ciliated lobes, mouth, muscular pharynx, toe,
pedal cement glands

Question 23

Annelida

Answer 23

segmented worms
 segmented body plan
 circulatory system (closed), blood

Question 24

Annelida: Errantia (class)

Answer 24

Marine Polychaete worms
 Pile Worm -Parapodia
* (Notopodium, Neuropodium, Setae)
 Cephalized- know parts of the head
* (Prostomium, conical palps, denticles, everted
pharynx, etc.)

Question 25

Annelida: Sedentaria (class)

Answer 25

 Oligochaeta (subclass) Earthworms
* Dissection: Cuticle, segments, clitellum, setae,
hearts, crop, gizzard, metanephridia, coelom,
typhlosole in intestine, septa, blood vessels, nerve
chord
* Slide of cross section of earthworm know all
structures
o typhlosole, coelom, dorsal blood vessel,
metanephridia, etc.

Question 26

Annelida: Hirudinea (subclass)

Answer 26

Leeches
 Recognize phylum, subclass
 Know how they feed
 Oral and posterior suckers
 Secrete Hirudin (anticoagulant)

Question 27

Mollusca

Question 28

Mollusca: Pelecypoda or Bivalvia (class)

Answer 28

Clams, mussels
 Clam dissection know: Mantle, shell, umbro,
incurrent/excurrent siphons, gills, palps, heart, visceral
mass-intestine, foot, anterior/posterior abductor muscle
 Clam cross section slide know : pericardial sack, heart,
intestine, mantle, gills, visceral mass
* Trochophore larvae
* Clam glochidia

Question 29

Mollusca: Cephalopoda (class)

Answer 29

Octopus, Squid
 Squid dissection Know: Arms, tentacles, mantle,
nidamental glands, jaws “beak”, siphon, bucal mass,
radula, tentacles, arms, suckers, gills, pen, ink glands

Question 30

Mollusca: Amphineura (Polyplacophora) (class)

Answer 30

• Chitons (8 plates along dorsal ridge)
• Know: Mantle, Foot, Gills

Question 31

Mollusca: Gastropoda (class)

Answer 31

Snails, slugs, nudibranchs,
* Have gills
* Feed with scrapping Radula
* Large muscular foot for movement