Fungi II

Question 1

Ascomycota – Phylum

Answer 1

the sack fungi (sack =ascus)
o Extensive dikaryotic phase.
o Asexual Conidia common in this group.
o Septate hyphae
o Ascospores
 endogenous meiospores actively shot out of ascocarp.
o The Cup Fungi like Pezziza
 Morels
 Apothecia (Morel) open cup fungi.
 Perithecia (Sordaria ) perithecium,
 Cleistothecia (Truffles, Powdery mildew)

Question 2

Ascus formation of Ascomycota

Answer 2

Hyphal tip makes complete septum,
Nuclei fuse – a single 2n nucleus
 Meiosis – 4 haploid nuclei
 One mitotic division – 8 haploid nuclei
 Each nucleus cuts off some cytoplasm
and forms new wall, inside original
hyphae wall.
 8 ascospores are forcibly ejected by
osmotic pressure.
 Different forms of ascocarp have evolved.

Question 3

Ascocarp types of Ascomycota

Answer 3

Apothecia- Cup Shape
Perithecia- Vase Shape
Cleistothecia- Closed

Question 4

plant diseases:

Answer 4

 powdery mildew on leaves
 rust on leaves

Question 5

Commercial Yeast

Answer 5

unicellular fungi growing in liquid
substrates
 Form new cells by budding
 Some can sexually reproduce, many form asci
 Some can ferment sugar to alcohol

Question 6

identify conidia

Answer 6

asexual spores, (exogenous mitospores) which
are usually dispersed by the wind.

Question 7

Basidiomycota- Phylum

Answer 7

True Mushrooms Gilled or club Fungi (club = basidium)
o Many are mycorrhizal.
o Form basidia from dikaryotic hyphae
 Basidiospores: Exogenous Meiospores (Sexual Spores)
o Little asexual reproduction, can be very long lived

Question 8

parts of mushroom:

Answer 8

Stipe Pileus (cap), Gills with basidia MORE

Question 9

Lichens- Symbiosis

Answer 9

o Symbiosis of Mycobiont (fungus) and Phycobiont (algae or
cyanobacteria)
o Have three layers –
 lower dense fungal Upper Cortex layer,
 loose fungal Medulla + Algal layer,
 upper dense fungal Lower Cortex layer.
o Three morphological types:
 Crustose
 Foliose
 Fruticose

Question 10

Three morphological types:

Answer 10

Crustose-flat on stones
 Foliose- leaf-like
 Fruticose- upright growing