Introduciton to Animals

Question 1

Animals belong in the super group ________ along with the amoebozoans. Animals are part of the
smaller clade__________ along with the fungi.

Answer 1

SAR, Opisthokonta

Question 2

Most of the animal phyla originated about __________ MYA during an “explosion” in the start of
the __________ period.

Answer 2

540, Cambrian

Question 3

All the different phyla formed in only about ________ million years.

Answer 3

10

Question 4

The closest relative to animals are the _________________, simple colonial “protist” organisms

Answer 4

Choanoglagellates

Question 5

All of the animals form the clade ______zoa

Answer 5

Metazoa

Question 6

Animals have four basic tissues types.
a) Two have structural counter parts in other kingdoms, _________ and _________.
b) Two the ___________ and ___________ are unique to the animal kingdom

Answer 6

Epithelial and Connective
Mucles and Nerves

Question 7

The different animal phyla can be recognized by their different _______________ plans.

Answer 7

Body

Question 8

The sequence of structures in along a body plan is determine by ____________ genes, the most
important being the ______ gene cluster

Answer 8

Hox
Hox

Question 9

____________ are the simplest members of the animal kingdom, lacking true ___________ and
form the clade ______zoa.

Answer 9

Porifea
Tissues
Parazoa

Question 10

Layers of cells with a common structure and function; specialized cell to cell connections, and having
an epithelial covering layer are true _____________.

Answer 10

Tissues

Question 11

All the animals with true tissues form the clade ____________zoa

Answer 11

Eumetazoa

Question 12

Lifecycle
a) The free-living (independent) immature stage in an animal lifecycle is the ______________.
b) The adult stage is determined by being able to _________________.

Answer 12

Larva
Reproduce Sexually

Question 13

Typically, in animal lifecycle, all the tissues are diploid except for the ______________.
a) The sperm and egg combine to form the ___________.
b) This is followed by the _________ stage with repeated cell divisions without any over-all
increase in size.
c) Then a hollow ball of cells forms the __________ embryonic stage, followed by an invagination
making the _____________.
d) The Gastrula has ___ ( #) tissue layers, an inner ______derm and outer ____derm layer

Answer 13

Gametes
Zygote
Cleavage
Blastula
Gastrula
3, Endoderm, ectoderm

Question 14

Animals with just these two embryonic tissue layers are called _____blasitc. They also have
_____________ symmetry.
a) An example would members of the phylum _____________.
b) The form the clade _________________.
c) These organisms have two body forms the sessile ________ and the planktonic __________

Answer 14

Diploblastic, radial
Cnidaria
Diploblastica
Polyp, medusa

Question 15

All other animals form with _____ ( #) embryonic tissue layers, an inner _______derm,
___________derm and an outer ____derm layer.
a) They also have _____________ symmetry.
b) Together these animals form the clade _______________.

Answer 15

3, Endoderm, Mesoderm, Ectoderm
Bilateral
Bilateria

Question 16

In Protostomate development:
i) Cleavage is ___________ and _______________.
ii) The mesoderm formation is ________coelous (split ball)
iii) The blastopore becomes the _________, the new opening becomes the __________.
iv) Two example phyla are the _____________ and ___________.

Answer 16

Spiral and Determinate
Schizocoelous
Mouth, anus
Mollusca and Annelida

Question 17

In Deusterostomate development:
i) Cleavage is ___________ and _______________.
ii) The mesoderm formation is ________coelous (out pocketing)
iii) The blastopore becomes the _________, the new opening becomes the __________.
iv) Two example phyla are the _____________ and ___________.

Answer 17

Radial and Indeterminate
Entercoelous
Anus, Mouth
Echinodermata and Chordata

Question 18

Cephalization is evolving a recognizable _____________, an adaptation to moving primarily in one
___________________.

Answer 18

Head, Direction

Question 19

Orientation: In bilateral symmetry the upper/back side is the __________ side , the lower/belly is
the __________ side ; the head is at the __________ end and the tail is at the ___________ end

Answer 19

Dorsal, Ventral, Anterior Posterior

Question 20

The annelids and mollusks are in the clade ____________________zoa. Which either have lophophores which are _________________ feeding structures or ______________ type larvae

Answer 20

Lophotrochozoa, Filter-feeding, Trochophore

Question 21

The Arthropods and nematodes are in the clade ________________zoa. They shed their outer
______________ in a molting-like process called __________________

Answer 21

Ecdysozoa, exoskeleton, Ecdysis