Plant Anatomy Plant Anatomy-Stems

Question 1

what do (parenchyma, sclerenchyma, collenchyma)

Answer 1

parenchyma is involved in a wide range of functions, including photosynthesis, storage, and repair; sclerenchyma provides structural support and protection; and collenchyma offers flexible support for growing plant parts.

Question 2

What are the results of the pea GA experiment and what the GA did to dwarf peas

Answer 2

GA made dwarf plants grow taller by promoting stem elongation.

Question 3

What are the plant tissue types (epidermal, ground, vascular) and the differences between monocot and eudicot tissues found in stems

Answer 3

Plant Tissue: Epidermal Tissue, Ground Tissue, Vascular Tissue
Monocot: One cotyledon in the seed, Floral parts in multiples of threes, Parallel veins with a uniform mesophyll layer and large bundle sheath cells in leaf, Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem, Ring of xylem inside root around pith, No secondary growth No vascular cambium – no true wood , Fibrous root system
Dicot: Two cotyledons in the seed, Floral parts in multiples of fours or fives,Net-like leaf veins with distinct palisade and spongy mesophyll layers in leaf, Vascular bundles in stem arranged in ring, Solid core of xylem in center of root, no pith, Secondary growth from vascular cambium – makes true wood, Taproot system

Question 4

What is primary growth

Answer 4

All cells derived from apical meristem
* Herbaceous – no true wood
* May have tough parts – Collenchyma or Sclerenchyma.
* Forms separate vascular bundles in stem

Question 5

apical meristem

Answer 5

enables them to grow vertically and adapt to their surroundings.

Question 6

leaf primordial

Answer 6

primordia marks the beginning of leaf development

Question 7

axillary bud meristems

Answer 7

enable the plant to produce new branches, leaves, flowers, and stems, allowing it to respond to changing environmental conditions

Question 8

procambium

Answer 8

divides and forms xylem and phloem

Question 9

protoderm

Answer 9

further divides to make dermal layers, contribute to the formation of various plant organs and tissues

Question 10

ground meristem

Answer 10

forms pith and cortex

Question 11

annular

Answer 11

used to describe anything that exhibits a ring-like or circular form

Question 12

helical

Answer 12

used to describe anything that exhibits a spiral or coiled shape

Question 13

reticulate

Answer 13

used to describe patterns or structures that exhibit a net-like, interconnected, or mesh-like arrangement

Question 14

scalariform

Answer 14

used to characterize patterns or arrangements that exhibit a step-like or ladder-like appearance

Question 15

monocot vs. eudicot stem cross sections, and identify all structures

Answer 15

Monocot Stem Cross Section: Vascular Bundles Scattered, Ground Tissue, No Secondary Growth, Epidermis, No Cork Cambium, No Vascular Cambium
Dicot Stem Cross Section: Vascular Bundles Arranged in a Ring, Pith, Cortex, Vascular Cambium, Secondary Growth, Bark Formation, Epidermis

Question 16

pith

Answer 16

The pith is a central region of parenchyma cells found in the stems and branches of many vascular plants

Question 17

xylem

Answer 17

Transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 18

phloem

Answer 18

distribution of energy (in the form of sugars) throughout the plant

Question 19

cortex

Answer 19

The cortex is a region of plant tissue located between the epidermis (outermost layer) and the vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) in stems, roots, and some other plant organs.

Question 20

identify all parts of vascular bundles in monocot and eudicot stems

Answer 20

Monocot Stem Vascular Bundle: Xylem, Phloem, Sclerenchyma Sheath
Eudicot Stem Vascular Bundle: Xylem, Phloem, Cambium, Parenchyma Cells, fiber caps