Physiology of Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
When does a pressure gradient occur?
When the cross sectional area of the aortic valve is reduced by more than 50%
What causes a murmur?
Increased flow velocity through the narrowed valve causes turbulence.
What kind of work on the heart results in Concentric hypertrophy?
Pressure work; Fibers laid in parallel.
What are the consequences of increased pressure work on the heart?
- Decreased diastolic compliance
- Insufficient growth of microcirulation
- Myocardial failure
In Aortic Stenosis, why do patients have a decreased diastolic compliance?
- Increased LV end diastolic pressure.
2. Increased LA pressure
In Aortic Stenosis, why do patients have Angina?
Growth of microcirculation of ventricular wall does not keep up with the growth of the muscle and leads to decreased supply of energy.
What are the symptoms of Aortic Stenosis?
- Angina pectoris
- Syncope
- CHF
- Atrial fibrillation
What are the factors that influence Aortic regurgitation?
- Size of opening during diastole
- Pressure gradient
- Duration of diastole
What are the consequences of Acute Aortic regurgitation?
- Elevated Lv diastole pressure
- LA pressure increased
- Pulmonary pressure increased
What are the consequences of Chronic Aortic regurgitation?
- LV hypertrophy (Eccentric)
- Greater regurgitation
- Lower diastolic arterial pressure
- Increased pulse pressure
Symptoms of Aortic Regurgitation
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Sensation of Forceful Heartbeat
- Fatigue
What are the clinical consequences of Mitral Stenosis?
- Left heart failure
- Right heart failure
- A-fib
- Thromboembolism
- Hemoptysis
What are the clinical consequences of Mitral Regurgitation?
- Pulmonary congestion and edema
- Fatigue
- Eccentric hypertrophy of LV
- RV hypertrophy
