Congenital Heart Diseases Flashcards
What is the most common Congenital Heart Disease?
VSD
Name the L to R shunt diseases
Patent Foramen Ovale, ASD, VSD, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, AV septal defect
How do you differentiate a PFO from an ASD?
PFO is a transient hole whitl ASD is fixed
How does PFO affect shunting?
Leads to a right to left shunt
Symptoms of Patent Foramen Ovale
Pulmonary hypertension, cough and sneeze
What is a ASD?
Fixed opening in the atrial septum
What are the 3 types of ASD?
Primum, Secundom, and Sinus Venosus
Discuss the types of ASD
Secundum: Incomplete/Fenestrated oval fossa near center of septum.
Primum: Adjacent to AV valves
Sinus Venosus: Near the entrance to SVC
Symptoms of ASD
- Usually asymptomatic until adulthood
- Paradoxical embolus
- Heart failure
- Increased pulmonary circulation
- Pulmonary Valve murmur
What is sinus venosus associated with?
Anomalous pulmonary venous return to right atrium
Discuss VSDs
- Incomplete closure of septum
- Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
- 90% are in membranous interventricular septum
What is Swiss Cheese VSD?
A VSD in the muscular septum
Symptoms of VSD
RVH, Pulmonary HTN, shunt reversal
What is a Patent Ductus Arteriosus?
Bypasses the fetal lungs; Connects aorta to pulmonary artery
Physical Exam findings of Patent Ductus Arteriosus?
Machinery like continous murmur; Asymptomatic at birth
If the PDA is helpful, how do you keep it open?
Prostaglandin E and Indomethacin
What is an AV septal defect?
Embryological failure of superior and inferior endocardial cushions of AV canal to fuse
Describe the two types a AV septal defects?
Partial: Primum ASD with cleft anterior mitral leaflet Complete Large AV septal defet Large common AV valve Large hole in center of heart
What are AV septal defects associated with?
Down syndrome
