Antihypertensive agents

Question 1

Name the Thiazide diuretics

Answer 1

Hydrochlorothiazide, Metolazone, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide

Question 2

MOA of thiazide diuretics

Answer 2

1. Works at distal tubule

2. Initially increase Na+/water excretion by inhibiting reabsorption in distal tubule

Question 3

Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics

Answer 3

Hypernatremia, Hypokalemia, glucose intolerance

Question 4

Name the Loop diuretics

Answer 4

Bumetanide
Furosemide
Torsemide

Question 5

MOA of Loop diuretics

Answer 5

1. Inhibit Na/K/2Cl symporter to decrease Na+ reabsorption

2. Acts on ascending loop on henle

Question 6

Adverse effects of Loop diuretics

Answer 6

Hypokalemia, DDI w/ NSAIDs

Question 7

Name the potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 7

1. Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

2. K sparing: Triamterene, amiloride

Question 8

Which beta blockers are vasodilators?

Answer 8

Carvediol, bisprolol, propanolol

Constrict: Atenolol, metoprolol

Question 9

Which population does beta blockers work best on?

Answer 9

High renin patients

Question 10

Contraindications of beta blockers

Answer 10

Reynaud’s, ARBs, ACEi

Question 11

Name the alpha blockers

Answer 11

Nonselective: Phentolamine
A1: Tamsulosin, Prazosin, Doxazosin

Question 12

Adverse effects of alpha blockers

Answer 12

Syncope, orthostatic hypotension

Question 13

MOA of alpha blockers

Answer 13

Decrease SVR

Question 14

Name the Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Answer 14

‘sartan’ suffix

Question 15

MOA of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Answer 15

Block Ang II receptors:
 inhibit vasoconstriction,
inhibit aldosterone release,
 inhibit SNS activation,
 inhibit NE release and transmission,
 inhibit Na+ reabsorption

Question 16

Contraindications of ARBs

Answer 16

Pregnancy, renal artery stenosis

Question 17

MOA of ACEi

Answer 17

NO Ionotropic effects

inhibit conversion of Ang I to Ang II (potent vasoconstrictor) thus causing vasodilation, inhibit aldosterone release

Question 18

Adverse effects of ACEi

Answer 18

Cough, hyperkalemia

Question 19

Name the Renin Inhibitor

Answer 19

Aliskrien

Question 20

MOA of Renin inhibitor

Answer 20

Blocks RAAS at activation point

Question 21

Adverse effects of Renin inhibitors

Answer 21

Hyperkalemia, GERD, diarrhea

Question 22

Name the Calcium Channel blockers

Answer 22

DHP: ‘dipine’
NDP: diltiazem, verapamil

Question 23

Differentiate DHP from NDP CCBs

Answer 23

DHP: Act only in periphery to lower SVR.
NDP: Work in heart, negative ionotropic effect.

Question 24

Name the Direct Acting Vasodilator

Answer 24

Hydralazine