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SONOCAN OB Review > Physiology Of The Female Pelvis > Flashcards

Physiology Of The Female Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Progesterone levels increase in the:
a. secretory phase
b. follicular phase
c. ovulatory phase
d. menstrual phase

A

A. Secretory

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2
Q

Which of the following endometrial phases demonstrates the thinnest dimension?
a. early menstrual
b. early secretory
c. late proliferation
d. early proliferation

A

D. Early proliferation

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3
Q

Which of the following hormones reflects the activity of the ovaries?
a. estradiol
b. progesterone
c. luteinizing hormone
d. follicle-stimulating hormone

A

B. Estradiol

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4
Q

An asymptomatic postmenopausal patient displays a 3.0-cm simple ovarian cyst. This finding is considered:
a. rare
b. benign
c. emergent
d. malignant

A

B. Benign

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5
Q

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will:

a. decrease in size and estrogen levels will increase
b. increase in size and estrogen levels will decrease
c. increase in size and progesterone levels will increase
d. decrease in size and progesterone levels will decrease

A

D. Decrease in size and progesterone levels will decrease

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6
Q

The endometrium demonstrates a triple-line appearance between days:
a. 1 to 5
b. 6 to 9
c. 10 to 14
d. 14 to 21

A

C. 10 to 14

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7
Q

A hyperechoic focus within a mature follicle most likely represents a:
a. morula
b. cumulus oophorus
c. blastocyst
d. corpus albicans

A

B. Cumulus oophorus

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8
Q

Visualization of a corpus luteal cyst indicates:
a. ovulation is imminent
b. ovulation has occurred
c. fertilization has occurred
d. ovulatory hemorrhage has occurred

A

B. Ovulation has occurred

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9
Q

Dysmenorrhea is a term used to describe:
a. heavy menses
b. painful menses
c. pain during ovulation
d. pain during sexual intercourse

A

B. Painful menses

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10
Q

Luteinizing hormone is secreted by the:
a. ovary
b. hypothalamus
c. adrenal gland
d. anterior pituitary gland

A

D. Anterior pituitary gland

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11
Q

Which of the following structures produces small amounts of estrogen?
a. spleen
b. kidney
c. pancreas
d. adrenal gland

A

D. Adrenal gland

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12
Q

Which of the following hormones stimulates ovulation?
a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. luteinizing hormone
d. follicle-stimulating hormone

A

C. LH

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13
Q

Fluid within the endometrial cavity is:
a. produced by the granulosa cells
b. suspicious for endometrial hyperplasia
c. not included in the endometrial measurement
d. highly suspicious for endometrial malignancy

A

C. Not included in the endometrial measurement

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14
Q

Mittelschmerz is associated with:
a. pregnancy
b. ovulation
c. hemorrhage
d. menstruation

A

B. Ovulation

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15
Q

Pain during sexual intercourse is termed:
a. dysuria
b. dysmenorrhea
c. dyspareunia
d. menorrhagia

A

C. Dyspareunia

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16
Q

A patient presents with a history of intermittent lower quadrant pain. Her last menstrual period was 1 week earlier, and she denies the use of hormone contraceptives. Based on this clinical history, the anechoic areas most likely represent:
a. corpus albicans
b. functional cysts
c. Graafian follicles
d. corpus luteal cysts

A

B. Functional cyst

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17
Q

Hyperechoic foci within the ovary are most suspicious for:
a. cystic teratoma
b. corpus albicans
c. hemorrhagic cysts
d. cumulus oophorus

A

B. Corpus albicans

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18
Q

Which endometrial phase is most likely demonstrated in this endovaginal sonogram?
a. luteal
b. secretory
c. menstrual
d. proliferative

A

B. Secretory

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19
Q

A patient presents with a history of right lower quadrant pain. Her last menstrual period was 7 days earlier. On the basis of this clinical history, the anechoic mass most likely represents a:
a. simple cyst
b. graafian follicle
c. corpus luteal cyst
d. serous cystadenoma

A

C. Simple cyst

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20
Q

The ovaries in this sonogram coincide with which of the following uterine phases?
a. late follicular
b. early follicular
c. late proliferation
d. early proliferation

A

D. Early proliferation

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21
Q

Which of the following endometrial phases is most likely displayed in this sagittal sonogram of the uterus?
a. late secretory
b. early menstrual
c. early secretory
d. early proliferative

A

D. Early Proliferative

22
Q

A patient presents with a history of irregular menses. A transabdominal sonogram of the uterus demonstrates:
a. endometritis
b. Asherman syndrome
c. endometrial hyperplasia
d. an intrauterine contraceptive device

A

D. An IUD

23
Q

The sonogram demonstrates a sagittal image of a(n):
a. menarche uterus
b. unicornuate uterus
c. premenarche uterus
d. postmenopausal uterus

A

C. Pre menarche uterus. (The cervix is larger than the corpus)

24
Q

A 25-year-old patient presents with an 18-mm anechoic ovarian mass. This is most consistent with a:
a. simple cyst
b. graafian follicle
c. corpus albicans
d. serous cystadenoma

A

B. Graafian follicle

25
Q

The echogenic focus demonstrated on the posterior wall just anterior to the caliper is most suspicious for:
a. hemorrhage
b. blood vessel
c. serous debris
d. cumulus oophorus

A

D. Cumulus oophorus

26
Q

Which of the following endometrial phases is most likely displayed in the sagittal sonogram?
a. early secretory
b. late follicular
c. early proliferation
d. late proliferation

A

d. Late proliferation

Thick, hypoechoic functional layers between the endometrial cavity with a hyperechoic basal layer are characteristic of the late proliferation phase

27
Q

The sonographic appearance of this endometrium is termed:
a. shotgun sign
b. decidual reaction
c. triple-line pattern
d. double decidua sign

A

C. Triple line pattern

28
Q

A 28-year-old patient presents with a sudden onset of right lower quadrant pain. Her last menstrual period was approximately 3 weeks earlier. This duplex sonogram is most suspicious for a(n):
a. graafian follicle
b. ectopic pregnancy
c. corpus luteal cyst
d. nondominant follicle

A

C. Corpus luteal cyst

29
Q

The endometrial phase in this patient is most consistent with:
a. late secretory
b. late menstrual
c. early menstrual
d. late proliferation

A

B. Late Menstrual

30
Q
A

D. Corpus luteal cyst

31
Q

A patient complains of heavy menstrual cycles. This is most consistent with:
a. menoxenia
b. dyspareunia
c. menorrhagia
d. dysmenorrhea

A

C. Menorrhagia

32
Q

Levels of follicle-stimulating hormone begin declining in the:
a. late secretory phase
b. late follicular phase
c. early secretory phase
d. early follicular phase

A

b. Late follicular phase

33
Q

During the ovulatory phase, normal estradiol levels range between:
a. 50 and 100 pg/mL
b. 10 and 200 pg/mL
c. 100 and 200 pg/mL
d. 200 and 400 pg/mL

A

D. 200 and 400 pg/ml

34
Q

Which of the following ovarian phases coincides with the proliferation phase of the endometrium?
a. luteal
b. secretory
c. follicular
d. ovulatory

A

C. Follicular

35
Q

Corpus albicans appears on ultrasound as a(n):
a. anechoic mass
b. isoechoic mass
c. hypoechoic mass
d. hyperechoic mass

A

D. Hyperechoic mass

36
Q

Endometrial thickness of an asymptomatic postmenopausal patient denying hormone replacement therapy should not exceed:
a. 2 mm
b. 5 mm
c. 8 mm
d. 10 mm

A

C. 8mm

37
Q

Which of the following hormone levels can be slightly higher after menopause?
a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. luteinizing hormone
d. follicle-stimulating hormone

A

D. FSH

38
Q

Which of the following describe the sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the late proliferation phase?
a. thick, hyperechoic functional layer and a hyperechoic basal layer
b. thin, hyperechoic functional layer and a hypoechoic basal layer
c. thick, hyperechoic functional layer and a hypoechoic basal layer
d. thick, hypoechoic functional layer and a hyperechoic basal layer

A

D. Thick, hypoechoic functional layer and a hyperechoic basal layer

39
Q

Acute pelvic pain during the periovulatory phase is termed:
a. Murphy sign
b. Mittelschmerz
c. McBurney sign
d. tip of the iceberg

A

B. Mittelschmerz

40
Q

Which of the following hormones help to prepare the endometrium for implantation of the blastocyst?
a. estrogen
b. estradiol
c. progesterone
d. luteinizing hormone

A

C. Progesterone

41
Q

Estrogen is primarily secreted by the:
a. thyroid glands
b. corpus luteum
c. pituitary gland
d. Graafian follicle

A

D. Graafian follicle

42
Q

The length of a normal menstrual cycle ranges between:
a. 14 and 28 days
b. 21 and 28 days
c. 21 and 35 days
d. 28 and 40 days

A

C. 21 and 35 days

43
Q

An early onset of puberty may be the result of a(n):
a. renal neoplasm
b. ovarian neoplasm
c. thyroid gland neoplasm
d. pituitary gland neoplasm

A

B. Ovarian neoplasm

44
Q

Regeneration of the endometrium occurs as a result of:
a. increases in estrogen levels
b. decreases in estrogen levels
c. increases in progesterone levels
d. decreases in progesterone levels

A

A. Increase in estrogen levels

45
Q

The endometrium displays the greatest thickness during the:
a. follicular phase
b. secretory phase
c. menstrual phase
d. proliferation phase

A

B. Secretary phase

46
Q
A

D.

47
Q

If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum will continue to secrete:
a. estrogen
b. estradiol
c. progesterone
d. human chorionic gonadotropin

A

C. Progesterone

48
Q

Which of the following describes the expected appearance of the endometrium in a patient using oral contraceptives?
a. thin echogenic line
b. thin hypoechoic line
c. triple-line appearance
d. thick and hyperechoic

A

A. Thin echogenic line

49
Q

An intrauterine device should be located:
a. lateral to the uterine cornua in the corpus portion of the endometrium
b. in the corpus portion of the endometrium
c. in the fundal/cornual portion of the uterus
d. in the superior corpus and fundal portion of the endometrium

A

D. In the superior corpus and fundal portion of the endometrium

50
Q

Decreases in estrogen in postmenopausal patients can decrease cervical mucus and can also:
a. shorten vaginal length
b. increase cervical length
c. thicken the vaginal walls
d. thicken the endometrial cavity

A

A. Shorten vaginal length

SONOCAN OB Review (11 decks)

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