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SONOCAN OB Review > Fetal Abnormalities Review > Flashcards

Fetal Abnormalities Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ebstein anomaly is associated with a
a. gastrointestinal anomaly
b. cardiovascular anomaly
c. genitourinary anomaly
d. central nervous system anomaly

A

B. Cardiovascular anomaly

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2
Q

Demonstration of multiple unilateral renal cysts is most suspicious for:
a. infantile polycystic disease
b. multicystic dysplastic kidney
c. cystic adenomatoid malformation
d. ureteropelvic junction obstruction

A

B. Multicystic dysplastic kidney

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3
Q

“Double bubble” is a sonographic sign associated with:
a. spina bifida
b. hydronephrosis
c. duodenal atresia
d. esophageal atresia

A

C. Duodenal atresia

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4
Q

Which of the following sonographic findings helps to differentiate Dandy-Walker syndrome from an arachnoid cyst?
a. ventriculomegaly
b. presence of a normal vermis
c. absence of the third ventricle
d. splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres

A

B. Presence of a normal vermis

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5
Q

Dilation of the third ventricle is a sonographic finding associated with:
a. anencephaly
b. prosencephaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

D. Agenesis of the corpus callosum

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6
Q

Maternal alpha-fetoprotein levels in a pregnancy with gastroschisis will:
a. markedly increase
b. mildly increase
c. remain normal
d. mildly decrease

A

A. Markedly increase

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7
Q

Which skeletal abnormality is most likely to demonstrate a cloverleaf skull?
a. achondroplasia
b. achondrogenesis
c. osteogenesis imperfecta
d. thanatophoric dysplasia

A

D. Thanatophoric dysplasia

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8
Q

A crescent-shaped appearance to the cerebellum should signal the sonographer to give additional attention to which of the following fetal structures?
a. heart
b. lungs
c. spine
d. abdominal wall

A

C. Spine

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9
Q

Peritoneal calcifications with associated dilated loops of bowel and polyhydramnios visualized in a 30-week fetus most likely represent:
a. intussusception
b. arteriosclerosis
c. hyperechoic bowel
d. meconium peritonitis

A

D. Meconium peritonitis

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10
Q

Which of the following abnormalities is the most common neural tube defect?
a. spina bifida
b. anencephaly
c. encephalocele
d. cystic hygroma

A

B. Anecephaly

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11
Q

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with frontal bossing?
a. anencephaly
b. encephalocele
c. hydrocephalus
d. caudal regression

A

C. Hydrocephalus

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12
Q

Which of the following abnormalities demonstrates a cranial defect?
a. encephalocele
b. cystic hygroma
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

A. Encephalocele

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13
Q

Which of the following is a common sonographic finding with fetal facial abnormalities?
a. duodenal atresia
b. polyhydramnios
c. diaphragmatic hernia
d. ventricular septal defect

A

B. Polyhydraminos

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14
Q

Demonstration of fetal bone fractures raises suspicion for which skeletal abnormality?
a. achondroplasia
b. achondrogenesis
c. thanatophoric dysplasia
d. osteogenesis imperfecta

A

D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

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15
Q

A large single ventricular cavity is most suspicious for:
a. microcephaly
b. macrocephaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

C. Holoprosencephaly

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16
Q

The sonographic finding in this image is most suspicious for:
a. hydranencephaly
b. ventriculomegaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

B. Ventriculomegaly

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17
Q

A sagittal image of the fetal body is most suspicious for:
a. fetal demise
b. chorioangioma
c. myelomeningocele
d. sacrococcygeal teratoma

A

D. Sacrococcygeal teratoma

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18
Q

Associated findings with this abnormality include:
a. spinal defect
b. cranial defect
c. hydronephrosis
d. polyhydramnios

A

C. Hydronephrosis

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19
Q

During a late second-trimester screening examination, what does this image of the fetal abdomen most likely show:
a. renal agenesis
b. multicystic dysplasia
c. infantile polycystic disease
d. bilateral adrenal hemorrhage

A

C. Infantile Polycystic disease

this is due to the enlarged kidney

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20
Q

Which of the following conditions will likely occur because of this abnormality?
a. fetal hypoxia
b. placentomegaly
c. polyhydramnios
d. oligohydramnios

A

D. Oligohydraminos

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21
Q

This sagittal image of the fetal abdomen most likely demonstrates:
a. renal cyst
b. hydronephrosis
c. duodenal atresia
d. diaphragmatic hernia

A

B. Hydronephrosis

22
Q

A patient arrives for an early second-trimester sonogram for gestational dating. An endovaginal image demonstrates a fetal abnormality that is most suspicious for:
a. acrania
b. anencephaly
c. encephalocele
d. holoprosencephaly

A

B. Anecephaly

23
Q
A

A. Spine bifida

24
Q

What abnormality is most likely present in this image of the cranium?
a. encephalocele
b. nuchal edema
c. cystic hygroma
d. myelomeningocele

A

C. Cystic hygroma

25
Q

The etiology of this abnormality is typically:
a. idiopathic
b. Rh sensitivity
c. autosomal recessive
d. chromosomal

A

D. Chromosomal

26
Q

A patient presents for an ultrasound to determine gestational age. An image of this early second-trimester fetus is most suspicious for:
a. acrania
b. anencephaly
c. microcephaly
d. holoprosencephaly

A

B. Anencephaly

27
Q

Which of the following is most likely associated with this finding?
a. fetal demise
b. preeclampsia
c. gestational diabetes
d. elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein

A

D. Elevated maternal alpha feta protein

28
Q

This sagittal image of a second-trimester fetus is most suspicious for which of the following pathologies?
a. pericardial effusion
b. diaphragmatic hernia
c. loculated pleural effusions
d. cystic adenomatoid malformation

A

D. Cystic adenomatoid malformation

29
Q

This sagittal image of a second-trimester fetus is most suspicious for which of the following pathologies?
a. pericardial effusion
b. diaphragmatic hernia
c. loculated pleural effusions
d. cystic adenomatoid malformation

A

D. Cystic adenomatoid malformation

30
Q
A

C. Holoprosencephaly

31
Q
A

D. Multicystic dysplastic kidney

32
Q

Lateral ventricular enlargement becomes ventriculomegaly after the diameter exceeds:
a. 6 mm
b. 8 mm
c. 10 mm
d. 12 mm

A

C. 10mm

33
Q

Caudal regression syndrome is more commonly found in patients with:
a. proteinuria
b. hypertension
c. systemic lupus
d. diabetes mellitus

A

D. Diabetes mellitus

34
Q

Which of the following is the most common fetal neck mass?
a. goiter
b. hemangioma
c. cystic hygroma
d. myelomeningocele

A

C. Cystic hygroma

35
Q

Which of the following abnormalities is more commonly associated with proboscis?
a. spina bifida
b. ventriculomegaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. diaphragmatic hernia

A

C. Holoprosencephaly

36
Q

Which of the following abnormalities is not associated with pulmonary hypoplasia?
a. duodenal atresia
b. skeletal dysplasia
c. diaphragmatic hernia
d. infantile polycystic renal disease

A

A. Duodenal atresia

37
Q

A diagnosis of clubfoot may be made with persistent abnormal inversion of the:
a. foot
b. ankle
c. foot parallel to the lower leg
d. foot perpendicular to the lower leg

A

D. Foot perpendicular to the lower leg

38
Q

Opening in the layers of the abdominal wall with evisceration of the bowel describes which of the following abnormalities:
a. gastroschisis
b. omphalocele
c. umbilical hernia
d. intussusception

A

A. Gastroschisis

39
Q

Hydronephrosis in utero is most commonly caused by an obstruction:
a. in the urethra
b. in the distal ureter
c. at the bladder inlet
d. at the ureteropelvic junction

A

B. In the distal ureter

40
Q

Herniated contents of an omphalocele are covered by a membrane consisting of:
a. chorion and amnion
b. amnion and peritoneum
c. Wharton jelly and amnion
d. peritoneum and Wharton jelly

A

B. Amnion and peritoneum

41
Q

The presence of a posterior fossa cyst and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis are characteristic findings of: a. arachnoid cyst
b. holoprosencephaly
c. Dandy-Walker malformation
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

C. Dandy- walker malformation

42
Q

Which of the following is not associated with hydrocephalus?
a. spina bifida
b. encephalocele
c. myelomeningocele
d. choroid plexus cysts

A

D. Choroid plexus cyst

43
Q

Anechoic regions within brain tissue are most suspicious for:
a. arachnoid cyst
b. hydranencephaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. choroid plexus cysts

A

B. Hydranencephaly

44
Q

Outward angling of the frontal and lateral horn of the lateral ventricles is a sonographic finding in:
a. ventriculomegaly
b. hydranencephaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

D. Agenesis of the corpus callosum

45
Q

The renal pelvis in a third-trimester fetus demonstrates an anterior–posterior diameter of 10 mm. This is considered:
a. a megaureter
b. mild hydronephrosis
c. within normal limits
d. moderate hydronephrosis

A

B. Mild hydronephrosis

46
Q

In the late second trimester, which sonographic finding consistently displays with renal agenesis?
a. facial cleft
b. omphalocele
c. oligohydramnios
d. skeletal dysplasia

A

C. Oligohydraminos

47
Q

The most common sonographic finding associated with multicystic renal dysplasia is:
a. unilateral multicystic kidney
b. bilateral multicystic kidneys
c. unilateral enlarged hyperechoic kidney
d. bilateral enlarged hyperechoic kidneys

A

A. Unilateral Multicystic kidney

48
Q

Sonographic findings associated with osteogenesis imperfecta may not be apparent before:
a. 12 weeks’ gestation
b. 18 weeks’ gestation
c. 24 weeks’ gestation
d. 28 weeks’ gestation

A

C. 24 weeks gestation

49
Q

Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe?
a. type I
b. type II
c. type III
d. type IV

A

B. Type 2

50
Q

A consistently small fetal stomach on serial sonograms is most suspicious for which abnormality? a. omphalocele
b. duodenal atresia
c. esophageal atresia
d. diaphragmatic hernia

A

C. Esophageal atresia

SONOCAN OB Review (11 decks)

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