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SONOCAN OB Review > Fetal Abnormalities Review > Flashcards

Fetal Abnormalities Review Flashcards

1
Q

Ebstein anomaly is associated with a
a. gastrointestinal anomaly
b. cardiovascular anomaly
c. genitourinary anomaly
d. central nervous system anomaly

A

B. Cardiovascular anomaly

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2
Q

Demonstration of multiple unilateral renal cysts is most suspicious for:
a. infantile polycystic disease
b. multicystic dysplastic kidney
c. cystic adenomatoid malformation
d. ureteropelvic junction obstruction

A

B. Multicystic dysplastic kidney

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3
Q

“Double bubble” is a sonographic sign associated with:
a. spina bifida
b. hydronephrosis
c. duodenal atresia
d. esophageal atresia

A

C. Duodenal atresia

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4
Q

Which of the following sonographic findings helps to differentiate Dandy-Walker syndrome from an arachnoid cyst?
a. ventriculomegaly
b. presence of a normal vermis
c. absence of the third ventricle
d. splaying of the cerebellar hemispheres

A

B. Presence of a normal vermis

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5
Q

Dilation of the third ventricle is a sonographic finding associated with:
a. anencephaly
b. prosencephaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

D. Agenesis of the corpus callosum

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6
Q

Maternal alpha-fetoprotein levels in a pregnancy with gastroschisis will:
a. markedly increase
b. mildly increase
c. remain normal
d. mildly decrease

A

A. Markedly increase

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7
Q

Which skeletal abnormality is most likely to demonstrate a cloverleaf skull?
a. achondroplasia
b. achondrogenesis
c. osteogenesis imperfecta
d. thanatophoric dysplasia

A

D. Thanatophoric dysplasia

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8
Q

A crescent-shaped appearance to the cerebellum should signal the sonographer to give additional attention to which of the following fetal structures?
a. heart
b. lungs
c. spine
d. abdominal wall

A

C. Spine

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9
Q

Peritoneal calcifications with associated dilated loops of bowel and polyhydramnios visualized in a 30-week fetus most likely represent:
a. intussusception
b. arteriosclerosis
c. hyperechoic bowel
d. meconium peritonitis

A

D. Meconium peritonitis

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10
Q

Which of the following abnormalities is the most common neural tube defect?
a. spina bifida
b. anencephaly
c. encephalocele
d. cystic hygroma

A

B. Anecephaly

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11
Q

Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with frontal bossing?
a. anencephaly
b. encephalocele
c. hydrocephalus
d. caudal regression

A

C. Hydrocephalus

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12
Q

Which of the following abnormalities demonstrates a cranial defect?
a. encephalocele
b. cystic hygroma
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

A. Encephalocele

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13
Q

Which of the following is a common sonographic finding with fetal facial abnormalities?
a. duodenal atresia
b. polyhydramnios
c. diaphragmatic hernia
d. ventricular septal defect

A

B. Polyhydraminos

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14
Q

Demonstration of fetal bone fractures raises suspicion for which skeletal abnormality?
a. achondroplasia
b. achondrogenesis
c. thanatophoric dysplasia
d. osteogenesis imperfecta

A

D. Osteogenesis imperfecta

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15
Q

A large single ventricular cavity is most suspicious for:
a. microcephaly
b. macrocephaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

C. Holoprosencephaly

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16
Q

The sonographic finding in this image is most suspicious for:
a. hydranencephaly
b. ventriculomegaly
c. holoprosencephaly
d. agenesis of the corpus callosum

A

B. Ventriculomegaly

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17
Q

A sagittal image of the fetal body is most suspicious for:
a. fetal demise
b. chorioangioma
c. myelomeningocele
d. sacrococcygeal teratoma

A

D. Sacrococcygeal teratoma

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18
Q

Associated findings with this abnormality include:
a. spinal defect
b. cranial defect
c. hydronephrosis
d. polyhydramnios

A

C. Hydronephrosis

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19
Q

During a late second-trimester screening examination, what does this image of the fetal abdomen most likely show:
a. renal agenesis
b. multicystic dysplasia
c. infantile polycystic disease
d. bilateral adrenal hemorrhage

A

C. Infantile Polycystic disease

this is due to the enlarged kidney

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20
Q

Which of the following conditions will likely occur because of this abnormality?
a. fetal hypoxia
b. placentomegaly
c. polyhydramnios
d. oligohydramnios

A

D. Oligohydraminos

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21
Q

This sagittal image of the fetal abdomen most likely demonstrates:
a. renal cyst
b. hydronephrosis
c. duodenal atresia
d. diaphragmatic hernia

A

B. Hydronephrosis

22
Q

A patient arrives for an early second-trimester sonogram for gestational dating. An endovaginal image demonstrates a fetal abnormality that is most suspicious for:
a. acrania
b. anencephaly
c. encephalocele
d. holoprosencephaly

A

B. Anecephaly

23
Q
A

A. Spine bifida

24
Q

What abnormality is most likely present in this image of the cranium?
a. encephalocele
b. nuchal edema
c. cystic hygroma
d. myelomeningocele

A

C. Cystic hygroma

25
The etiology of this abnormality is typically: a. idiopathic b. Rh sensitivity c. autosomal recessive d. chromosomal
D. Chromosomal
26
A patient presents for an ultrasound to determine gestational age. An image of this early second-trimester fetus is most suspicious for: a. acrania b. anencephaly c. microcephaly d. holoprosencephaly
B. Anencephaly
27
Which of the following is most likely associated with this finding? a. fetal demise b. preeclampsia c. gestational diabetes d. elevated maternal alpha-fetoprotein
D. Elevated maternal alpha feta protein
28
This sagittal image of a second-trimester fetus is most suspicious for which of the following pathologies? a. pericardial effusion b. diaphragmatic hernia c. loculated pleural effusions d. cystic adenomatoid malformation
D. Cystic adenomatoid malformation
29
This sagittal image of a second-trimester fetus is most suspicious for which of the following pathologies? a. pericardial effusion b. diaphragmatic hernia c. loculated pleural effusions d. cystic adenomatoid malformation
D. Cystic adenomatoid malformation
30
C. Holoprosencephaly
31
D. Multicystic dysplastic kidney
32
Lateral ventricular enlargement becomes ventriculomegaly after the diameter exceeds: a. 6 mm b. 8 mm c. 10 mm d. 12 mm
C. 10mm
33
Caudal regression syndrome is more commonly found in patients with: a. proteinuria b. hypertension c. systemic lupus d. diabetes mellitus
D. Diabetes mellitus
34
Which of the following is the most common fetal neck mass? a. goiter b. hemangioma c. cystic hygroma d. myelomeningocele
C. Cystic hygroma
35
Which of the following abnormalities is more commonly associated with proboscis? a. spina bifida b. ventriculomegaly c. holoprosencephaly d. diaphragmatic hernia
C. Holoprosencephaly
36
Which of the following abnormalities is not associated with pulmonary hypoplasia? a. duodenal atresia b. skeletal dysplasia c. diaphragmatic hernia d. infantile polycystic renal disease
A. Duodenal atresia
37
A diagnosis of clubfoot may be made with persistent abnormal inversion of the: a. foot b. ankle c. foot parallel to the lower leg d. foot perpendicular to the lower leg
D. Foot perpendicular to the lower leg
38
Opening in the layers of the abdominal wall with evisceration of the bowel describes which of the following abnormalities: a. gastroschisis b. omphalocele c. umbilical hernia d. intussusception
A. Gastroschisis
39
Hydronephrosis in utero is most commonly caused by an obstruction: a. in the urethra b. in the distal ureter c. at the bladder inlet d. at the ureteropelvic junction
B. In the distal ureter
40
Herniated contents of an omphalocele are covered by a membrane consisting of: a. chorion and amnion b. amnion and peritoneum c. Wharton jelly and amnion d. peritoneum and Wharton jelly
B. Amnion and peritoneum
41
The presence of a posterior fossa cyst and agenesis of the cerebellar vermis are characteristic findings of: a. arachnoid cyst b. holoprosencephaly c. Dandy-Walker malformation d. agenesis of the corpus callosum
C. Dandy- walker malformation
42
Which of the following is not associated with hydrocephalus? a. spina bifida b. encephalocele c. myelomeningocele d. choroid plexus cysts
D. Choroid plexus cyst
43
Anechoic regions within brain tissue are most suspicious for: a. arachnoid cyst b. hydranencephaly c. holoprosencephaly d. choroid plexus cysts
B. Hydranencephaly
44
Outward angling of the frontal and lateral horn of the lateral ventricles is a sonographic finding in: a. ventriculomegaly b. hydranencephaly c. holoprosencephaly d. agenesis of the corpus callosum
D. Agenesis of the corpus callosum
45
The renal pelvis in a third-trimester fetus demonstrates an anterior–posterior diameter of 10 mm. This is considered: a. a megaureter b. mild hydronephrosis c. within normal limits d. moderate hydronephrosis
B. Mild hydronephrosis
46
In the late second trimester, which sonographic finding consistently displays with renal agenesis? a. facial cleft b. omphalocele c. oligohydramnios d. skeletal dysplasia
C. Oligohydraminos
47
The most common sonographic finding associated with multicystic renal dysplasia is: a. unilateral multicystic kidney b. bilateral multicystic kidneys c. unilateral enlarged hyperechoic kidney d. bilateral enlarged hyperechoic kidneys
A. Unilateral Multicystic kidney
48
Sonographic findings associated with osteogenesis imperfecta may not be apparent before: a. 12 weeks’ gestation b. 18 weeks’ gestation c. 24 weeks’ gestation d. 28 weeks’ gestation
C. 24 weeks gestation
49
Which classification of osteogenesis imperfecta is the most severe? a. type I b. type II c. type III d. type IV
B. Type 2
50
A consistently small fetal stomach on serial sonograms is most suspicious for which abnormality? a. omphalocele b. duodenal atresia c. esophageal atresia d. diaphragmatic hernia
C. Esophageal atresia

SONOCAN OB Review (22 decks)

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