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OMM II > Physiology of Pain > Flashcards

Physiology of Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is nociception?

A

Ability to feel pain, caused by stimulation of a nociceptor

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2
Q

What are the four processes of nociception?

A
  • Transduction
  • Transmission
  • Modulation
  • Perception
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3
Q

What is transduction?

A

Process of changing external stimuli into action potential

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4
Q

What is CIPA?

A

Congenital indifference to pain, with anhidrosis

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5
Q

How can chronic pain present?

A

Altered functions within the MS and visceral systems

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6
Q

Chronic pain is caused by what?

A

Overstimulation of peripheral nerve in a permanent alteration in the dorsal horns (facilitated segments)

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7
Q

Why does chronic pain gets worse?

A

Leads to more activation of nerves

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8
Q

Sharp or pricking pain is fast or slow?

A

Fast

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9
Q

Burning, aching, throbbing pain is fast or slow?

A

Slow

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10
Q

What temp does tissue damage occur?

A

113 F

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11
Q

Chemical pain can only elicit fast or slow pain?

A

Slow

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12
Q

What are the chemical mediators of pain? (4)

A
  • Bradykinin
  • 5HT
  • Histamine
  • K
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13
Q

How do bradykinins and other chemokines elicit pain?

A

Increase [K] and make nerves more permeable

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14
Q

True or false: prostaglandins cause pain

A

False–only enhances sensitivity of nerve endings

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15
Q

How do muscles spasms cause pain?

A

Stimulating mechano-sensitive pain receptors and compressing blood vessels, causing ischemia

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16
Q

What are pain receptors?

A

C fibers (free nerve endings)

17
Q

True or false: pain receptors adapt very little and sometimes not at all

A

True

18
Q

What are the fibers that transmit acute/fast pain?

A

A-delta

19
Q

What is the fast pathway for pain?

A

Neospinothalamic pathway

20
Q

What is the slow pathway for pain?

A

Paleospinothalamic

21
Q

What is the neurotransmitter involved in the neospinothalamic pathway?

A

Glutamate

22
Q

What is the neurotransmitter involved in the paleospinothalamic pathway?

A

substance P

23
Q

True or false: viscera have sensory receptors for no other kind of sensation besides pain

A

True

24
Q

What is the MOA Of referred pain?

A

Visceral pain synapse in the spinal cord on the same nerve endings that receive pain from the skin

25
Q

What is the trifurcation that nerves undergo? What is the consequence of this?

A

Afferents go up, down, and at spinal level in the dorsal horn

Pain spreads to more than just the spinal level involved

26
Q

How does the brain stop pain?

A

Sends signals down the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

27
Q

What are the transmitter substances that block pain signals going up?

A

enkephalins and 5HT

28
Q

Stimulation of what fibers from peripheral receptors can depress the transmission of pain signals?

A

A-beta

29
Q

Where do opioids act in the body to prevent pain?

A

Brain

Dorsal horn

30
Q

Where do NSAIDS act in the body to prevent pain?

A

Peripherally

31
Q

True or false: in pts with chronic pain, there is no relationship between the damage the body has undergone and the level of their pain

A

True

32
Q

Most deep tissues are not extensively supplied with pain endings, but can still cause pain. Why?

A

Widespread tissue damage causes a summation effect to cause the slow/chronic aching pain in those areas

33
Q

Pain receptors cannot adapt to a stimuli like other nerves. What is the consequence of this?

A

Person is kept apprised of the tissue damage

34
Q

Stimulation of what fibers in the periphery can depress the transmission of pain signals? What can you do to simulate these fibers?

A

A-beta

Rubbing skin

35
Q

What is the medical model of pain? How accurate is this?

A

Degree of injury or disease correlates with the degrees of pain

Inaccurate

36
Q

What is the biopsychosocial model of pain?

A

Model of pain that takes into account social/economic factors

37
Q

True or false: patients who transition from acute to chronic pain undergo a psychological change

A

True

38
Q

What are the physical signs that point toward psychological in patients with pain? (3)

A
  • Overreaction
  • Odd emotions
  • Inappropriate response to physical exam

OMM II (43 decks)

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