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OMM II > Clinical Aspects of Cranial osteopathy > Flashcards

Clinical Aspects of Cranial osteopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reflexes that are more common in HENT?

A

Viscero-viscero reflexes

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2
Q

Optic nerve goes through what foramen?

A

Optic canal

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3
Q

V2 goes through what foramen? V3?

A 
V2 = Foramen rotundum
V3 = ovale
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4
Q

VII goes through what foramen?

A

Internal acuostic meatus

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5
Q

VIII goes through what foramen?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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6
Q

XII goes through what foramen?

A

Hypoglossal canal

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7
Q

X goes through what foramen?

A

Jugular foramen

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8
Q

XI goes through what foramen?

A

Jugular foramen

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9
Q

III goes through what foramen?

A

Superior orbital fissues

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10
Q

What are the CNs that run through the jugular foramen?

A

IX, X, and XI

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11
Q

V1 goes through what foramen?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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12
Q

IV goes through what foramen?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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13
Q

VI goes through what foramen?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

What are the CNs that have a PNS component?

A

III
VII
IX
X

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15
Q

Why do we need to know foramina for CNs?

A

CNs depart through the skull through foramen, which may be important if there is an abnormal growth of the foramen, or a disturbance in the bone

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16
Q

Why is it important that the nerves that leave the head are covered in pia mater?

A

Any dysfunction of the dura may lead to a dysfunction of the nerves

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17
Q

What is the difference between a stroke and bell’s palsy?

A

No forehead wrinkling with Bell’s palsy

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18
Q

What are the s/sx of trigeminal neuralgia?

A

HA in the region of the eyebrows, sinuses, cheek

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19
Q

Taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is mediated via which CN?

A

IX

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20
Q

What is the treatment for children with colic?

A

Decompression of the condylar parts to relieve CN X

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21
Q

CN XI is affected with what congenital condition?

A

Torticollis

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22
Q

What are the sympathetics for the head and neck?

A

T1-T4

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23
Q

Vasoconstriction or dilation with PNS?

A

Vasoconstriction

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24
Q

Thick or thin secretions with PNS?

A

Thick

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25
Q

What happens to lymphatic drainage with SNS?

A

Decreased drainage

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26
Q

What are the s/sx of increased SNS in the head?

A
  • Tinnitus
  • HA
  • Dilation of the pupils
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27
Q

What are the ophthalmologic problems that can occur with SNS overstimulation in the head?

A
  • Dilation of the pupils

- Cataracts

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28
Q

What happens to the thyroid with increased SNS?

A

Increased secretions

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29
Q

Long term upper thoracic and cervical dysfunction with increased SNS is implicated in cataracts 2/2 what?

A

Congestion

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30
Q

SNS innervation causes thyroid gland secretions how?

A

Blood vessel constriction causes changes in the cells that secretion T4

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31
Q

What are the PNS effects on CN III? (2)

A
  • pupil constriction

- accommodation

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32
Q

What are the PNS effects on CN VII? (3)

A
  • Lacrimal gland
  • Mucosal glands
  • Submandibular glands
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33
Q

What are the PNS effects on CN IX? (1)

A

Parotid secretions

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34
Q

What are the PNS effects on CN X? (2)

A
  • Heart

- Guts to 2/3 along transverse colon

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35
Q

Increased PNS causes what to secretions?

A

Thinning

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36
Q

What is ganglion that CN VII runs through?

A

Sphenopalatine (pterygopalatine) ganglia

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37
Q

What is sphenopalatine syndrome?

A

Redness/engorgement of the mucus membranes, tearing + retro orbital pain

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38
Q

What happens to asthma with sphenopalatine syndrome? Why?

A

Worsens d/t lowered resistance of the nasal mucosa to foreign protein and adequate conditioning of air

39
Q

85% of the venous drainage from the head is through what?

A

Jugular foramen

40
Q

What is the first sign of congestion in the head?

A

Fullness in the supraclavicular areas

41
Q

Should you press on the lymph nodes with venous and lymphatic obstruction in the head

A

no–painful

42
Q

Poor drainage from the head leads to what eye problems?

A

Glaucoma

43
Q

Poor drainage from the head leads to what ear problems?

A

Meniere’s disease

44
Q

External rotation of the temporal bone = what tinnitus sound?

A

Low pitched roar

45
Q

Internal rotation of the temporal bone = what tinnitus sound?

A

High pitched wine

46
Q

What may cause otalgia in the head?

A

Dysfunction with the teeth, tongue, esophagus, tonsils , TMJ,

47
Q

The temporal bones are being moved by what bone?

A

The occiput movement

48
Q

How do you treat otalgia?

A

Temporal rocking and VSD techniques

49
Q

How do you treat tinnitus?

A

Temporal rocking

50
Q

What is the SD that may cause eustachian tube dysfunction?

A

Internal rotation, torsion, or sidebending dysfunctions of the SBS, which leads to temporal bone dysfunctions

51
Q

How do you treat OM?

A

Temporal rocking

52
Q

What CN may cause OM?

A

CN X

53
Q

What is the treatment for sinusitis? Why?

A

Frontal lift and intraocular techniques to address CN V (press on each part of CN V)

54
Q

What is the treatment for pharyngitis? (3)

A
  • Hyoid bone technique
  • Submandibular drainage
  • Effleurage of tissue
55
Q

What is the effect of coughing in the elbow n the etiology of pharyngitis?

A

Torqueing of the neck fascia

56
Q

What is the effect of SBS SDs with the endocrine system?

A

SBS restrictions can cause strains in the vasculature surrounding the pituitary and hypothalamus

57
Q

How do you treat neural-endocrine problems?

A

Any SDs of the VSD

58
Q

What is the most common, general, cause of HAs?

A

Vascular or other cause

59
Q

What are the OMM causes of HAs? (3)

A
  • Venous sinuses SDs
  • Dura
  • Dural arteries
60
Q

What are the nerve roots that contribute to HA? (5)

A 
V
VII
IX
X
C2-C3
61
Q

True or false: a truly psychogenic cause of HA is rare

A

True

62
Q

True or false: in the vast majority of cases, the physical exam of the head is WNL, including the OMM exam

A

False–OMM is always positive

63
Q

What is Kernig’s sign?

A

Flex the hip, can’t extend at the knee

64
Q

What is Brudzinski’s sign?

A

Flexion of the neck causes flexion at the hips and knees

65
Q

What are the s/sx of acute angle glaucoma?

A

Prominent eye pain, dilated pupils, narrow chamber

66
Q

What are the three major recurrent HAs?

A
  • Tension
  • Migraine
  • Cluster
67
Q

What are the 2 types of migraines?

A 
Classic = aura
Common = no aura
68
Q

Caffeine is a vaso constrictor or dilator?

A

Constrictor

69
Q

Tyramine in wine causes what effect on vessels?

A

Dilation

70
Q

What are cluster HAs?

A

Neurogenic inflammation affecting the vascular plexus of the cavernous sinus

71
Q

In whom are cluster HAs more common in?

A

20-40 aged men

72
Q

What is the pain like with cluster headaches? (onset, intensity)

A

Explosive onset and very sharp in intensity

73
Q

What is the associated syndrome with cluster HAs?

A

Horner’s syndrome

74
Q

Are tension HAs usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral

75
Q

What are the characteristics of the pain with tension HAs?

A

Dull, achy pain/pressure

76
Q

Is there an aura with tension HAs?

A

No

77
Q

What are the associations with tension HAs?

A

Stress
Anxiety
Depression

78
Q

What is the effect of physical activity on tension HAs?

A

Not worsened

79
Q

C1 supplies motor innervation to what? How do you treat if these are involved?

A

Suboccipital triangle muscles

Treat OA

80
Q

C2 and C3 provide sensory innervation to what?

A

Cranial vault, back of the head, and suboccipital pain

81
Q

What are the areas that should be assess with HA 2/2 musculoskeletal pain

A

Upper cervs

Suboccipital muscles

82
Q

What are the borders of the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • Rectus capitus posterior major
  • Oblique capitis inferior
  • Oblique capitis superior
83
Q

What tender point should be treated with frontal or orbital HAs? Where is this, and how is it treated?

A

C1

Posterior surface of the ramus of the jaw–rotate head away

84
Q

What tender point should be treated with periorbital HAs? Where is this, and how is it treated?

A

C2

Flex the spine and rotate away from the TP

85
Q

What tender point should be treated with occipital HAs? Where is this, and how is it treated?

A

C4

SARA

86
Q

What is the blood supply to the dura and calvaria?

A

Middle meningeal artery

87
Q

How does the sphenoid relate to the side of the HA?

A

Greater wing is low on the side of the HA (I/e/ left torsion)

88
Q

HAs caused by temporal bone problems are usually due to what?

A

Internal rotation restriction

89
Q

Which usually has more sinusitis, and which has more migraines: flexion or extension heads?

A 
Flexion = sinusitis
Extension = migraines
90
Q

What type of joint it the TMJ?

A

Diarthrodial joint

91
Q

The mandible hands from what bones? What SDs, then, can cause problems with the TMJ?

A
  • Mandible hangs from the temporals

- Occiput

92
Q

How is the Galbreath maneuver performed?

A

Effleurage from behind the ear, down into the neck

93
Q

What is the ganglion that should(n’t) be manipulated with throat s/sx?

A

Sphenopalatine

OMM II (43 decks)

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