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OMM II > Lymphatics and Full body treatment > Flashcards

Lymphatics and Full body treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three components of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymph
  • Channels
  • Organized lymph tissue
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2
Q

How soon will a human die if the lymph system stops functioning?

A

24 hours

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3
Q

What is lymph?

A

Clear, coagulable fluid that passes from the intercellular space into lymphatic vessels

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4
Q

What does lymph resemble?

A

Blood plasma

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5
Q

What are the cells that comprise lymph?

A

Lymphocytes

WBCs

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6
Q

What are the functions of lymph (4)?

A
  • remove bacteria and proteins
  • Transport fat
  • Supply lymphocytes
  • Bathe and nourish the tissues
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7
Q

What is the most organized lymph tissue?

A

Lymph nodes

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8
Q

What are lymph nodes?

A

Organized lymphatic tissues dispersed along the course of the lymph vessels

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9
Q

How many deep lymph nodes are there?

A

400-450

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10
Q

What are the two major functions of the lymph node?

A
  • Filter lymph via macrophages

- Activates the immune system if microorganisms are detected

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11
Q

Where isn’t the lymphatic system present? (4)

A
  • Brain/spinal cord
  • Epidermis
  • Endomysium
  • Bones, teeth, bone marrow
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12
Q

What type of lymph tissue is found in the bone marrow, epidermis, brain/spinal cord, and endomysium?

A

Pre-lymphatics, which eventually empty into lymphatic vessels

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13
Q

What are the three main cellular structural components of the lymph system?

A
  • Endothelial cells
  • Valves
  • Anchoring filaments
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14
Q

What are the three main organizations of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Superficial system
  • Deep system
  • Organ-specific system
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15
Q

What connects the superficial and deep lymphatic systems? What is the function of these?

A
  • Perforator vessels

- Conveys lymph toward the surface

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16
Q

What are the 4 functions of the lymphatics?

A
  • Nutrition
  • maintaining fluid balance
  • purification and cleansing of tissues
  • Defense
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17
Q

How many liters of fluid leak out of the capillaries daily? What percent of this drains back into capillaries? Where does the rest go?

A
  • 30 L
  • 90% drains back into the capillaries
  • 10% drains into lymph
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18
Q

What percent of plasma proteins are carried back to the vascular system via lymph?

A

50%

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19
Q

What is the primary means of return of proteins after their efflux from the arterial capillaries?

A

Lymphatics

20
Q

What are the four regions of the lymphatic system, based on the vessel walls?

A
  • Lymphatic capillaries
  • Precollectors
  • Collectors
  • Lymphatic trunks
21
Q

What does the cisterna Chyli drain?

A

Abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs

22
Q

Where is the cisterna chyli located?

A

Anterior right side of the L1-L2 vertebral bodies, but behind the right crus

23
Q

What is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body?

A

Left lymphatic duct.

24
Q

Where does the LLD drain?

A

Left jugulo-subclavian junction

25
Q

What are the Peyer’s patches?

A

Clusters of the lymphoid system in the walls of the small intestines

26
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches most densely located?

A

Small intestinal villi

27
Q

True or false: the greater the lymphatic flow, the greater the immunity?

A

True

28
Q

What is the effect of increased interstitial fluid pressure on the lymphatics?

A

Also increased interstitial fluid

29
Q

What happens to the anchoring filaments when excess fluid enters the tissues?

A

They pull on the wall of the lymph capillaries

30
Q

What happens to the lymphatic structures when tissues are compressed?

A

Pressure inside the capillary increases and the overlapping edges of the endothelial cells close like valve

31
Q

Where does lymph fluid collect?

A

Into the collecting lymphatics

32
Q

True or false: there is an intrinsic pumping mechanism of the large lymphatic vessels

A

True

33
Q

What happens when a collecting lymphatic duct becomes distended?

A

Smooth muscles in the wall contract

34
Q

True or false: valves exist in all lymphatic channels

A

True

35
Q

What is the overall effect of lymphatic vessel contraction?

A

Moves lymph toward terminal drainage sites

36
Q

What are the four diaphragms that alter lymph flow?

A
  • Falx cerebri/tentorium
  • Sibson’s fascia
  • Thoracoabdominal diaphragm
  • Pelvic/urogenital diaphragm
37
Q

What are the two effects produced by the diaphragms that cause lymph to move?

A

Pressure differentials and direct masage

38
Q

What are the three factors that ensure the the diaphragms move in unison?

A
  • Neuro control
  • Fascial attachments
  • Pressure differentials
39
Q

According to Dr. Zink, the flow rate of lymph back to the heart is directly proportional to what

A

Rate of respiration

Quality of respiration

40
Q

What is the “heart” of the lymphatic system?

A

Thoracoabdominal diaphragm

41
Q

What is the effect of OMM on the lymphatic system?

A
  • Removes restrictions

- Promotes and augments flow

42
Q

What are the steps of improving lymphatic flow?

A
  • Assess for CCP
  • Bring back to CCP if not
  • Treat CCP
43
Q

What are the two types of cancer that most commonly use the lymphatic system to metastasize?

A

Melanomas

Carcinomas

44
Q

What are the three common reasons for reduced lymphatic return?

A
  • Genetic defects
  • Filariasis
  • Surgery
45
Q

Decreased plasma protein levels does what to lymph return?

A

Decreased

46
Q

Increased interstitial protein levels does what to lymph return?

A

Decreased

47
Q

What are the three contraindications to lymphatic treatments?

A
  • Osseous fractures
  • Bacterial infections with a temp greater than 102
  • Certain carcinomas

OMM II (43 decks)

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