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OMM II > Myofascial Pain > Flashcards

Myofascial Pain Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: MFP are not common, but when found are often diagnose quickly

A

False–extremely common, and usually go undiagnosed for years

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2
Q

What is the definition of myofascial pain?

A

Pain caused by an area of hypersensitivity in a muscle and its fascia

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3
Q

MFP are often confused with what?

A

Visceral problems

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4
Q

What, generally, are myofascial trigger points?

A

Taut band in the muscle, which refers pain to a distant location when compressed

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5
Q

What happens to muscle fibers with contraction knots?

A

Knotted area pulls on the remainder of the muscle fiber, causing excessive stretching

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6
Q

What two muscles often refer pain?

A

Trap and SCM

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7
Q

What causes TrPs?

A
  • Acute overload
  • Overwork
  • chilling of muscle
  • Nerve injuries
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8
Q

What is meant by the term satellite TrPs?

A

Central TrP induce neurogenically by the activity of a key trigger point

occurs in the referral patterns of the key trigger points

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9
Q

What is a latent TrP?

A

Clinically quiescent with respect to spontaneous pain

Painful only when palpated

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10
Q

What are active TrPs?

A

TrPs that cause pain and TTP at rest or with motion that stretches or loads the muscle

Causes shortening of the muscle, as well as fatigue and decreased strength

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11
Q

What is the sequence of events that cause the development of TrPs?

A

taut bands of muscles, leads to latent TrPs, which are turned actie through stressors

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12
Q

True or false: active TrPs refer pain in a predictive pattern

A

True

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13
Q

Serratus posterior superior TrP can mimic what spinal level radiculopathy?

A

C8

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14
Q

The referral pattern of the gluteus minimus TrP mimics what spinal level radiculopathy?

A

L5 or S1 pain

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15
Q

SCM pain can cause what?

A

Frontal/occipital HAs

TMJ pain

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16
Q

What is the referral patterns of trap?

A

Temporalis muscle and posterior scalene

17
Q

What are the 4 exam findings of TrPs?

A
  1. palpable band/taut muscle
  2. Spot TTP
  3. Elicited referred pain OR RROM
  4. Pain recognition
18
Q

True or false: latent TrPs do not refer pain

A

False–also refer, but usually require more pressure to do so

19
Q

What should always be done when assessing TrPs?

A

Neurological exam

20
Q

What is the “spectrum of tone”?

A

Normal to jones pt to latent TrP, to active TrP

21
Q

What is the role of OMT with TrPs?

A

Can usually treat acute pain, but chronic pain may need injections

22
Q

What is the diagnosis if not all 4 criteria are met from TrP Dx?

A

Latent TrP

23
Q

What else should be treated with TrPs?

A

Areas that the area affects

24
Q

What are the additional treatments that may be utilized with TrPs besides OMT?

A
  1. Compression
  2. Spray and stretch
  3. Needling of the TrP with lidocaine infiltration
25
Q

Should you use injections, ischemic compression or spray and stretch with latent TrPs?

A

No

26
Q

What is ischemic compression?

A

Compress for a while to develop ischemia (massage)

27
Q

How is a spray and stretch performed?

A

Place muscle on stretch, and direct spray at 4 inches until entire muscle is covered

28
Q

What are the indications for treating TrPs with injections?

A

Active TrPs that is:

  • Refractory to other treatments OR
  • Severe pain/LOF
29
Q

What is the use of steroids with TrP?

A

No additional benefit, and are myotoxic

30
Q

What is the local twitch response?

A

Involuntary muscle movement when the trigger point is hit with an injection needle

31
Q

Trigger points should be followed up with what?

A

Home exercise programs

32
Q

True or false: Needling without a home stretching program can be highly ineffective

A

True

33
Q

How much stretching should be used with TrP injections?

A

Mild

34
Q

When should strengthening of the muscle be utilized with TrPs?

A

Only after treatment

35
Q

Do active myofascial TrPs cause pain and TTP only with motion, or with rest as well?

A

Both rest and motion

36
Q

What happens to the muscles surrounding an active TrP?

A

Shortening of the muscle, as well as fatigue and decreased strength

OMM II (43 decks)

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