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OMM II > Neck and Arm pain > Flashcards

Neck and Arm pain Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of people who develop neck pain will have it chronically?

A

10%

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2
Q

Over what age is a red flag for neck pain?

A

Over 50

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3
Q

Pain lasting greater than how long is a red flag?

A

one month

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4
Q

Neck pain with associated HA, shoulder or hip girdle pain in an older person = ?

A

Rheumatologic disease

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5
Q

Neck pain with a h/o fever, chills, unexplained weight loss = ?

A

Cancer

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6
Q

Neck pain with neurological signs or symptoms (arm clumsiness, gait difficulty, bowel or bladder dysfunction) = ?

A

Cervical myelopathy

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7
Q

A shock-like paresthesia occurring with neck flexion suggesting compression of the cervical cord by a midline disc herniation = ?

A

Cervical myelopathy

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8
Q

What are the neuro signs that should be elicited when evaluating neck pain?

A

DTRs
UMN testing
Provocative maneuvers

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9
Q

The majority of neck pain has what origin?

A

Muscular

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10
Q

What is the degenerative cascade model?

A 
Discogenic conditions (dysfunction phase)
Stenotic phase (stabilization of the chronic SD)
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11
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Injury to the ligament

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12
Q

What is a strain?

A

muscle tendon unit injury

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13
Q

What is cervical strain?

A

Overload injury to the muscle tendon unit of the neck.

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14
Q

What is cervical spondylosis?

A

Degenerative changes in the neck, followed by osteophyte formation

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15
Q

How do you diagnose cervical spondylosis?

A

Cervical x-ray

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16
Q

Do x-ray findings for cervical spondylosis correspond well to the pain patients experience

A

No

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17
Q

What are the three common x-ray findings with cervical spondylosis?

A
  • Loss of disc height
  • Anterior osteophytes
  • Narrowing of the foramina
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18
Q

What is degenerative disc disease? What causes it?

A

Degenerative process causing a loss of disc height, nuclear degradation, and disc bulging

Part of natural aging, but also a consequence of poor nutrition

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19
Q

What is internal disc disruption?

A

When the disc develops a rip or tear, usually caused by cervical trauma

20
Q

What is a herniated nucleus pulposus?

A

When the nucleus pulposus squeezes out of the vertebrae

21
Q

True or false: degenerative disc disease is a radiologic diagnosis

A

True

22
Q

What are internal disc disruptions?

A

symptoms exaggerated with neck helo in one position for prolonged periods

23
Q

What is radicular pain?

A

When pain shoots down a lumb and courses down a dermatome

24
Q

What is the sign that may be elicited with a cervical disc herniation?

A

Spurlings sign

25
Q

What areas of the spine are most commonly affected with cervical disc herniation?

A

C5-C6, followed by C6-C7

26
Q

What are the radiological findings of disc degeneration?

A

Loss of white coloring

Protrusion into the spinal cord

27
Q

What is the relation of UE pain with neck pain?

A

Compression of the brachial plexus

28
Q

What is cervical radiculopathy?

A

nerve root injury in the presence of spondylosis or stenosis

29
Q

What are the ssx of cervical radiculopathy?

A

Sensory, motor, or reflex abnormalities

30
Q

Which cervical levels are usually affected by radiculopathy?

A

Lower (C7, C6)

31
Q

What is spinal stenosis?

A

Progressive narrowing of the central spinal canal

32
Q

What can cause spinal stenosis?

A

Bulging or protrusion of the intervertebral disc annulus posteriorly

Hypertrophy of spinal ligaments or facet joints

33
Q

What are the primary ssx of spinal stenosis?

A

Chronic pain
Numbness
Motor weakness

34
Q

UMN occur with spinal stenosis or neural foraminal stenosis?

A

Spinal stenosis

35
Q

Cervical stenosis is associated with an AP diameter less than what?

A

Less than 10 mm

36
Q

What are the UMN reflexes like?

A

Hyperreflexive

37
Q

What is cervical spondylotic myelopathy?

A

Defined by degenerative changes narrowing the spinal canal

38
Q

What are the ssx of cervical myelopathy?

A
  • Weakness
  • Coordination impairment
  • Gait disturbances
  • Bowel or bladder dysfunction
39
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Compression injury or irritation by the brachial plexus

40
Q

What is neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Brachial plexus is injured

41
Q

What is vascular thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Subclavian and/or vein is damaged

42
Q

What is nonspecific thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Patients have ssx but no abnormal tests to document the lesion clearly

43
Q

What are the boundaries of the brachial plexus?

A

Scalenes
Clavicle and first rib
Beneath the pec minor

44
Q

Cervical radiculopathy is most commonly found involving which cervical root? Where would you sensory test for this?

A

C7

Proximal phalex

45
Q

What are a myofascial trigger points?

A

Hyperirritable spots in skeletal muscle that respond painfully to stretch and is TTP

46
Q

What is the major etiology of most neck pain?

A

Biomechanical stress

OMM II (43 decks)

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