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OMM II > Anatomy of the Shoulder > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus?

A 
Greater = lateral
Lesser = medial
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2
Q

What is the socket part of the ball and socket joint of the shoulder?

A

Glenoid cavity

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3
Q

What spinal level is the spine of the scapula level with?

A

T3

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4
Q

What spinal level is the inferior angle of the scapula level with?

A

T7

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5
Q

What are the 4 joints of the shoulder? Which is a “false” joint?

A
  • Sternoclavicular
  • Acromioclavicular
  • Glenohumeral
  • Scapulothoracic (false)
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6
Q

What is the only bony connection of the UE to the axial skeleton?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

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7
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Cartilaginous disc joint

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8
Q

What are the four ligaments that surround the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • Sternoclavicular (ant/post)
  • Costoclavicular ligament
  • Interclavicular ligaments
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9
Q

What are the ligaments that surround the AC joint? (3)

A
  • Acromioclavicular
  • Coracoclavicular
  • Coracoacromial
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10
Q

What are the two components of the coracoclavicular ligament? Which is medial and which is lateral?

A

Trapezoid (lateral)

Conoid (medial)

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11
Q

What is the most mobile joint in the body?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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12
Q

What are the motions of the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Flexion/extension
  • Abduction/adduction
  • Medial/lateral rotation
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13
Q

Why is the glenohumeral joint relatively unstable?

A

Only holds about 1/3 of the humerus

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14
Q

Where is the glenoid labrum weakest?

A

Anteriorly and inferiorly

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15
Q

What primarily provides stability to the glenohumeral joint: muscles or ligaments?

A

Muscles

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16
Q

What are the three components of the glenohumeral ligament? Is this on the anterior or posterior part of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

Anterior part

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17
Q

What is the ligament that sits just above the glenohumeral ligament?

A

Coracohumeral ligament

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18
Q

What is the ligament that sits on the superior aspect of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Transverse humeral ligament

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19
Q

What is the function of the glenoid labrum?

A

Deepens the glenoid fossa

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20
Q

What is the muscle that sits atop the glenohumeral joint?

A

Supraspinatus

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21
Q

What is the muscle that sits posterior along the glenohumeral joint?

A

Infraspinatus

22
Q

What is the muscle that sits posteriorly along the glenohumeral joint, but inferior to the infraspinatus?

A

Teres minor

23
Q

What is the muscles that sits anterior to the glenohumeral fossa?

A

Subscapularis

24
Q

What are the four muscles that comprise the rotator cuff?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
25
Q

What are the spinal levels that comprise the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

26
Q

What is scalenus anticus syndrome?

A

Compression of the brachial plexus/axillary artery between the scalenes

27
Q

What is the Adson’s sign, and what does it assess for?

A

Adson’s sign is the loss of the radial pulse in the arm by rotating head to the ipsilateral side with extended neck following deep inspiration.

28
Q

What is costoclavicular syndrome?

A

Downward movement of the clavicle against the first rib, with a resultant tendency to shearing of the neurovascular bundle

29
Q

What is the costoclavicular test?

A

The examiner palpates the radial pulse and then draws the patient’s shoulder down and back as the patient lifts their chest in an exaggerated “at attention” posture. A positive test is indicated by an absence or decrease in vigor of the pulse and implies possible costoclavicular syndrome.

30
Q

What is pec minor syndrome?

A

Pec minor compression of the brachial plexus

31
Q

What is the Wright’s test?

A

Abduction of the arms bilaterally. Loss of radial pulse may indicate pec minor compression of the neurovascular bundle

32
Q

What are the three main bursae of the shoulder?

A
  • Subdeltoid
  • Subacromial
  • Subscapularis
33
Q

What is the most common cause of bursitis?

A

Repetitive use

34
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior? What is significant about this?

A

Long thoracic nerve (SALT)

Sits superficial to the muscle, and is thus easily damaged

35
Q

Injury to the long thoracic nerve causes what classic physical exam finding? Why?

A

Winged scapular d/t loss of innervation to the serratus anterior

36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lat dorsi?

A

Spinous process of T6 to sacrum

Medial lip of the the intertubercular groove

37
Q

What is the major muscle of shoulder flexion?

A

Deltoid

38
Q

What is the major muscle of shoulder extension?

A

Deltoid

39
Q

What are the muscles that are involved with medial rotation of the shoulder? (4)

A

Subscapularis
Teres major
Pectoralis major
Lat dorsi

40
Q

What are the muscles that are involved with lateral rotation of the shoulder? (2)

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

41
Q

What are the two muscles that are involved in abduction of the shoulder? Which initiates movement, and which carries it into full abduction?

A

Supraspinatus (initiates)

Deltoid (full abduction)

42
Q

What are the two major muscles that are involved in adduction of the shoulder?

A

Pec major

Lat dorsi

43
Q

What are the muscles that cause scapular elevation? (3)

A

Trap
Levator scap
Rhomboids

44
Q

What are the two major muscles that cause scapular depression?

A

Pec minor

Trap

45
Q

What is protraction of the scapula?

A

Sticking out the scapula (like hugging oneself)

46
Q

What is retraction of the scapula?

A

Bringing the scapula back toward the thoracic cage

47
Q

What is adhesive capsulitis?

A

Glenohumeral capsule becomes stiff and inflamed, restricting motion

48
Q

What are the classic characteristics of a patient with adhesive capsulitis?

A

Female greater than 50 y/o, with a h/o DM and rotator cuff injury

49
Q

Which should is usually affected with adhesive capsulitis: the dominant, or the non-dominant?

A

Non-dominant

50
Q

What happens to postural muscles with strain? Phasic?

A 
Postural = tight
Phasic = Loose

OMM II (43 decks)

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