Physiology and Anatomy vocabulary 5

Question 1

The part of the brain stem that forms a “Bridge” between the medulla oblongata and the mid-brain, anterior to the cerebellum.

Answer 1

Pons

Question 2

The portion of the brain immediately superior to the spinal cord, made up of the medulla obongata, pons, and mid-brain.

Answer 2

Brain Stem

Question 3

A portion of the diencephalon, lying beneath the thalamus and forming the floor and part of the wall of the third ventricle.

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

A large, oval structure located bilaterally on either side of the third ventricle, consisting of 2 masses of grey matter organized into nuclei.

Answer 4

Thalamus

Question 5

An electrical signal that propagates along the membrane of a neuron or muscle fiber; a rapid change in membrane potential that involves a depolarization followed by a repolarization.

Answer 5

Action Potential

Question 6

A specialized cell or a distal portion of a neuron that responds to a specific sensory modality, such as touch, pressure, cold, light, or sound, and converts it to an electrical signal.

Answer 6

Receptor

Question 7

Area in the central nervous system and ganglia containing neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, and neuroglia.

Answer 7

Grey Matter

Question 8

Aggregations or bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons located in the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 8

White Matter

Question 9

Multilayered lipid and protein covering, formed by Schwann cells oligodendrocytes, around axons of many peripheral and central nervous system neurons.

Answer 9

Myelin Sheath

Question 10

The functional juntcion between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector, such as a muscle gland.

Answer 10

Synapse

Question 11

Visceral Sensory and visceral motor neurons. Conduct nerve impulse from the central nervous system to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Answer 11

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 12

The portion of the peripheral nervous system consisting of somatic neurons and somatic motor neurons.

Answer 12

Somatic Nervous System

Question 13

The part of the nervous system that lies outside the central nervous system, consisting of nerves and ganglia.

Answer 13

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 14

Portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 14

Central Nervous System

Question 15

The response in a sensory organ when it receives stimuli.

Answer 15

Sensory Input

Question 16

Impulses that are conducted from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands after the brain has processed the information.

Answer 16

Motor Output

Question 17

A specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.

Answer 17

Neuron

Question 18

Clusters of nerve cell bodies found throughout the body. They carry nerve signals to and from the central nervous system.

Answer 18

Ganglia

Question 19

The outer layer of your brain’s surface, located on top of the cerebrum. Carries out essential functions of your brain.

Answer 19

Cerebral Cortex

Question 20

Nerve fibers responsible for bringing sensory information from the outside world into the brain.

Answer 20

Afferent Neurons