Animal Science Quiz Bowl Questions Part 2 Flashcards
How do cows enter a robotic milking stall?
Voluntarily
What is a type of sheep with wool on its face?
Closed Face
What is the waviness of wool fibers?
Crimp
What is a female sheep of any age?
Ewe
What is the average diameter of the fibers in a fleece?
Fiber Diameter
What is all the wool taken from a sheep?
Fleece
What is a grease-like substance that naturally coats sheep’s wool?
Lanolin
What is meat from a sheep younger than one year?
Lamb
What is the meat from a sheep older than one year?
Mutton
What is a type of sheep with no wool on its face?
Open faced
What is a general Latin term for sheep?
Ovine
What is hide from a slaughtered lamb or sheep with wool still attached called?
Pelt
What is a male sheep that has not been castrated?
Ram
What is the process of shaving or clipping wool from a sheep’s skin
Shearing
What is length of wool fibers called?
Staple length
What is a male sheep or goat that has been castrated?
Wether
What is a fabric made from fine wool fibers at least 3 inches in length?
Worsted
What is the fiber taken from a sheep?
Wool
What is the weight of wool fleece after it has been cleaned of lanolin, dirt, and plant matter?
Yield
What occurred in the latter 20th century that caused the sheep industry in the United States to decline?
Synthetic Fibers were developed
What year did the U.S sheep and lamb population peak at 56.2 million head according to the USDA?
1942
How many head did the USDA report in the United States when the sheep and lamb population reached a peak in 1942?
56.2 Million
What did the population of sheep and lambs decline to in 1994?
8.4 Million
What is the sheep and lamb population today in the United States?
5.8 Million
What two products have sheep and lamb been a significant source of throughout much of human history?
Meat and fiber
How many years ago were sheep domesticated?
10,000 Years Ago
How many years ago does evidence show that people were using sheep’s wool?
20,000 Years Ago
What are modern domestic sheep descended from?
Mouflon
Where are mouflon, the descendants of modern sheep, from?
Asia and Europe
What percentage of the sheep population in the United States is the Suffolk breed?
60%
What breed of sheep comprises 60% of the sheep population in the United States?
Suffolk
What is a breed labeled that has stayed true to its bloodline with no crossing with other breeds?
Purebred
What are sheep primarily raised for?
Wool and meat
What are the breeds of sheep classified by?
The type of wool they produce
What are the five classes of wool?
Fine, Medium, Long, Crossbred, and Hair Sheep
How many classifications of wool are there?
5
What breed of sheep originated in the Downs of Sussex Country, England?
Southdown
Where did the Southdown breed of sheep originate?
Downs of Sussex Country, England
What breed of sheep is characterized by light colored wool, with a mousy-brown color on the face and legs, small ears and dark nostrils?
Southdown
What size sheep is the Southdown breed of sheep considered?
Medium to small
How is the wool of the Southdown breed of sheep classified?
Medium Wool
What size sheep is the Hampshire breed or sheep?
Large
What is the wool of the Hampshire breed of sheep classified as?
Medium Wool
Where did the Hampshire breed of sheep originate?
Hampshire Country, England
What breed of sheep originated in Hampshire Country, England?
Hampshire
When were most of the Hampshire sheep in the United States today imported?
Post Civil War
What is the Hampshire breed of sheep most well known for producing?
Club Show Lambs
What breed of sheep is characterized by a dark, relatively wool-free face and legs with large ears, along with a wool cap and wool on the legs?
Hampshire
What is the disposition of the Hampshire breed of sheep?
Mild
What two breeds of sheep created the Suffolk breed?
Southbound and Norfolk Horned
What breed of rams was used with Norfolk Horned Ewes to create the Suffolk breed of sheep?
Southdown
What breed of ewes was used with Southdown rams to create the Suffolk breed of sheep?
Norfolk Horned
Where did the Suffolk breed of sheep originate?
England
When was the Suffolk breed of sheep brought to the United States?
The late 1800’s
What breed of sheep has a black head with a Roman nose, black wool free lags, and large semi-droopy ears?
Suffolk
What is the wool of the Suffolk breed of sheep classified as?
Medium Wool
What are the 2 purposes for the Shropshire breed of sheep?
Meat, Wool, and Dairy Production
Where did the Shropshire breed of sheep originate?
England
What three breeds of sheep were crossed to produce the Shropshire breed of sheep?
Southdown, Cotswold, and Leicester
The Southdown, Leicester, and Cotswold breeds of sheep were crossed to produce what breed of sheep?
Shropshire
What year were Shropshire introduced into the United States?
1855
What size is the Shropshire breed of sheep?
Medium
What is the classification of the wool for Shropshire sheep?
Medium Wool
What breed of sheep is characterized by wool on their legs, jaw and cap with small ears?
Shropshire
What is one of the oldest sheep breeds that actually dates back to the Middle Ages?
Dorset
What breed of sheep is predominately white with a wool free face, and have no pigment in their hooves, nose, or eye membranes?
Dorset
What size sheep is the Dorset breed?
Medium
What classification is the wool for the Dorset breed of sheep?
Medium Wool
What breed of sheep is known for being good mother and milk productions and can breed out of season?
Dorset
What breed of sheep originated in France and descends from the Spanish Merino?
Rambouillet
What country did the Rambouillet sheep originate in?
France
What breed of sheep has a wool free face below the eyes and forward facing downward tilting ears?
Rambouillet
What breed of sheep adapts well to most climates however because they are susceptible to maggots living in their fleece are not often found in damp climates?
Rambouillet
Why are Rambouillet sheep often not found in damp climates?
They are susceptible to maggots living in their fleece?
What breed of sheep was developed near Kansas City, Missouri?
Montadale
where did the Montadale breed of sheep develop?
Near Kansas City, Missouri
What breed of sheep began as a cross between a Cheviot ram and a Columbia ewe?
Montadale
The Montadale breed of sheep is a cross between a Cheviot ram and what breed of ewe?
Columbia
The Montadale breed of sheep is a cross between a Columbia ewe and what breed of rams?
Cheviot
Who is the breeder responsible for developing the Montadale breed of sheep?
E.H. Mattingly
What breed of sheep did E.M Mattingly develop?
Montadale
What classification is the wool for the Montadale breed of sheep?
Medium Wool
Why are birthing issues rare in the Montadale breed of sheep?
Their small head size
What color is the wool of the Montadale breed of sheep?
White
What have most sheep raised today been selectively bred for?
Commercial Production
What are the lesser-known breeds of sheep called?
Heritage Breeds
Because they developed their unique characteristics without any human intervention, what are some heritage breeds considered?
Natural breeds
What is the website address for the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy?
www.albc-usa.org
What are two body parts of the sheep that belong to a ram and not a ewe?
Testicles and Sheath
What are wether sheep typically raised for?
Market or Meat Production
What is milk from sheep used to make?
Specialty Cheeses
What do confined sheep produce that is used as a fertilizer?
Manure
What is the manure produced by confined sheep used for?
Fertilizer
What products is Lanolin commonly found in?
Lotions and Moisturizers
What is a common ingredient in Lotions and Moisturizers and is found on sheep wool?
Lanolin
What is the type of sheep meat most often eaten in the United States?
Lamb
What two cultures consider lam or mutton a central part of their diets?
Middle Eastern and Greek
In what kind of setting is lamb consumption most frequent in the United States?
Restaurant
How much lamb do Americans consume per year?
Less than 1 pound per person
How much lamb do people in Australia and Saudi Arabia consume per year?
Over 25 pounds per person
In what two countries is the consumption of lamb over 25 pounds per person per year?
Australia and Saudi
What feature about wool allows it to be spun into yarn?
It is elastic
Although it tends to be less profitable than meat, what product is most often associated with sheep?
Wool
What is a small but popular market for wool that includes hand spinning, knitting, and weaving?
Fiber Arts
Hand spinning, knitting, and weaving are examples of what?
fiber Arts
What is the requirement of a pelt that deems it “clean and in good condition?”
Must have less than one inch of new wool on it
A pelt that has less than one inch of new wool on it is deemed what?
Clean and in good condition
Slippers, mattress pads, and car seat covers are products made from what kind of sheep pelt?
A pelt with less than one inch of new wool onit
How much wool growth is allowed if a pelt is to be used for slippers, mattress pads, or car seat covers?
Less than one inch
What is most sheep’s milk made into?
Cheese
Feta, Pecorino, Romano, and Roquefort are examples of what?
Cheeses made from sheep milk
Where is sheep dairying more common than in the United States?
European Countries
What breed of sheep is most often used in sheep dairies?
East Friesian
What is the East Friesian breed of sheep most often used for?
Sheep dairies
What is one of the primary factors that determine the type of product to be made from wool?
The relative fineness or coarseness of the wool fibers
The relative fineness or coarseness of the wool fibers is one of the primary factors that determine what?
The products that will be made from it
Fine wool fibers that are at least three inches in length can be processed into what?
Worsted Fabrics
What is processed from fine wool fibers shorter than three inches in length?
Worsted Fabrics
What produces a lighter, finer fabric and is used for high quality garments such as suits?
Worsted Yarns
What has more bulk and softness and is used for garments such as sweaters and coats?
Woolen Yarns
When is wool quality evaluated?
After the fleece is taken from the sheep.
How often is the fleece taken from a sheep?
Normally once a year
Where are the finest fibers on any sheep?
Shoulder
Where are the coarsest fibers on a sheep?
Hind leg
What is the average fiber diameter for a fine fleece?
14 to 15 Microns
What unit of measurement is used to measure the diameter of fibers in sheep wool?
Microns
What is the average diameter for a course fleece?
40 to 45 Microns
What is an older system of determining fiber diameter?
Spinning Count
What does a high spinning count tell about the fiber diameter in sheep wool?
Finer fiber diameter
What does a low spinning count tell about the fiber diameter in sheep wool?
More course fiber diameter
What does a low micron number tell about the fiber diameter in sheep wool?
Finer fiber diameter
What does a higher micron number tell about the fiber diameter in sheep wool?
More course fiber diameter
What color wool do most commercial buyers prefer?
White
Why do most commercial buyers of wool prefer white wool color?
So they can dye it
What breed of sheep produces natural colored wool?
Almost all breeds do
What is responsible for natural colored wool being available in almost all breeds of sheep?
Selective breeding
How is fiber strength determined?
Pulling on both ends of a tuft of wool
When is wool considered tender?
When it breaks easily ans uneven
What is wool called when it breaks at the same length?
Broken wool
What locks wool fibers together in a way that prevents them from expanding to their original size; commonly occurring when washing and drying wool garments?
Felting
What does wool with more crimp tell about the fiber diameter?
Smaller fiber diameter
What is a castrated male hog called?
Barrow
What is a male hog that has not been castrated called?
Boar
What is the term for ears that stand up as opposed to droop?
Erect
What is to give birth to a litter of pigs
Farrow
What is the amount of time from breeding to birth?
Gestation
What is an immature female pig that has not given birth?
Gilt
What is the fat from a pig called?
Lard
What is a group of pigs born from a sow?
Litter
What is a general Latin term relating to all pigs?
Porcine
What is the meat from pigs called?
Pork
What is a mature female hog that has farrowed a litter of pigs?
Sow
What is the removal of young animals from their mothers?
Wean
What is Oklahoma’s second largest livestock enterprise?
Swine
How do pigs stay cool?
They wallow in mud
Why do pigs wallow in mud to stay cool?
Pigs do not have the ability to sweat
Pigs are just as intelligent as what animal?
Dogs
During what early time period is there evidence that humans may have used pigs?
Neolithic
Who were the first humans to domesticate pigs?
Chinese
Perhaps as early as when did the Chinese first domesticate pigs?
7000 B.C.
By what year were Europeans raising pigs?
1500 B.C.
How much pork or pork products does the average American eat per year?
More than 60 pounds
What street has its name because residents of Manhattan built a wall to protect their dwellings from scavenging pigs?
Wall Street
The domestic pig descends from what two types of wild pigs?
Sus Scrofa and Sus Vittatus
The Sus Scrofa is a wild boar from where?
Europe
The Sus Vittatus is a pig from where?
East Asia
What does the genus Sus mean?
Pig
Who is credited with starting the first herd of pigs in North America?
Hernando DeSoto
How many pigs did Hernando DeSoto bring with him to North America?
13
In what city and state did Hernando DeSoto bring his first herd of pigs to North America?
Tampa Bay, Florida
By what year did pigs in the Pennsylvania colony number in the thousands?
1660
Where did finishing pigs on a corn diet first become common practice?
Pennsylvania
Before finishing pigs on a corn diet became common participate in Pennsylvania, how did pigs eat?
Pigs were allowed to scavenge for their food or they were fed household scraps and garbage.
What city and state first commercially slaughtered pigs?
Cincinnati, Ohio
When were pigs first commercially slaughtered in Cincinnati, Ohio?
Mid 1800’s
What took place in the latter part of the 19th century that allowed pig production to concentrate in the Midwest “corn belt”?
Refrigerated Transport Became Avilable
What state has long been the country’s largest producer of swine?
Iowa
Before the 1950’s, what product produced from swine was used extensively in cooking, as well as soap’s and candles?
Lard
What products have replaced lard, causing pigs to no longer be needed for their fat?
Vegetable oil and synthetic products
What has caused modern pig production to have leaner meat and much less fat?
Health Minded Consumer
How are pig breeds identified?
Color, general size and shape, and type of ears
What kind of ears do pigs have if their breed name ends with “shire”?
Erect
What are three breeds of pig most popular in the United States?
Duroc, Hampshire, and Yorkshire
What breed of swine was developed in the United States and is very light golden red to a very dark red in color with no white on their body, medium length body, slightly dished face, with down ears?
Duroc
What type of ears does a Duroc have?
Non-Erect
What color is the Duroc breed?
Very light golden red to a very dark red.
What breed of swine was developed in Kentucky from imported Old English Pigs?
Hampshire
Where was the Hampshire breed of swine developed?
Kentucky
What is the color pattern for the Hampshire breed of swine?
Body is black with a white “belt” that encircles the shoulders, including the front legs and front feet.
What breed of swine has a black body with a white “belt” that encircles the shoulders, including the front feet and front legs?
Hampshire
What does the breed name end with if the pigs in that breed have erect ears?
Shire
What breed of swine is medium length, heavy muscled, has lean meat, has erect ears, and is “belted”?
Hampshire
Where was the Yorkshire breed of swine developed?
York, England
What breed of swine has a white body with small erect ears?
Yorkshire
What type of ears does a Hampshire hog have?
Erect
What type of ears does a Yorkshire hog have?
Erect
What breed of swine sports the motto “The mother breed and a whole lot more”?
Yorkshire
Where did the Berkshire breed of swine originate?
England
What breed of swine is Black with 6 white points, has fast and efficient growth, reproductive efficiency, meatiness, and has small erect ears?
Berkshire
What type of ears does the Berkshire breed of swine have?
Erect
What are the 6 white points on the Berkshire breed of swine?
Feet, Face, and Tail Tip
What breed of swine at one time was a popular lard breed?
Berkshire
What breed of swine has an all white body with drooping ears?
Chester White
What breed of swine was developed in a country in southwest Pennsylvania in the early part of the 19th century?
Chester White
In what country in the Southwest Pennsylvania was the Chester White breed of swine developed in the early part of the 19th century?
Chester
During what time period was the Chester White breed of swine developed in Chester Country Pennsylvania?
Early part of 19th Century
How many pigs on average are weaned per litter from a Chester White Sow?
More than 11
What breed of swine is known to be prolific, have good mothering ability, durability, soundness, and have droopy ears?
Chester White
What do the letters NSR stand for?
National Swine Registry
When was the National Swine Registry formed?
1994
What 4 breeds were combined to create the NSR?
Hampshire, Landrance, Duroc, and Yorkshire
What 4 breeds represent 87 percent of the total purebred hog population in the United States?
Hampshire, Landrance, Duroc, and Yorkshire
The Hampshire, Landrance, Duroc, and Yorkshire breeds of swine make up what percent of the total purebred hog population in the United States?
87%
What is the website address for the National Swine Registry?
www.nationalswine.com
What is monitored by the NSR and has led to incredible advances in the past few years for the Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace, and Duroc breeds?
Genetic Trends
What organization can be found online at www.nationalswine.com?
National Swine Registry
What breed of swine’s roots can be traced to the Poland China?
Spot
What two states are known for largely developing the spot breed of swine?
Ohio and Indiana
What breed of swine was largely developed in Ohio and Indiana?
Spot
What was the spot breed of swine originally known as?
Spotted Poland China
What year was the Poland China dropped from the Spotted Poland China’s name
1960
What is the ideal ratio of black to white for the Spot breed of swine?
50% black and 50% white
What type of ears does the spot breed of swine have?
Forward leaning or drooped
What breed of swine is fast gaining and feed efficient, has non-erect ears, ans is colored 50% black and 50% white?
Spot
Where was the Poland China breed developed?
Ohio
What breed of swine is black with 6 points and drooping ears?
Poland China
What are the 6 points on the Poland China hog?
Feet, nose, and tail tip
What breed of swine was originally known as a lard-type hog that is black with 6 white points and non-erect?
Poland China
What type of hog was the Poland China breed of swine originally known as?
Lard-type
What breed of swine looks similar to the Chester White however is longer bodied and has larger ears?
American Landrace
What is the Landrace breed of swine known for?
Mothering ability, prolific litters averaging 10 to 2 pigs per litter
What type of hog is the Poland China breed of swine known for today?
Meat-type
What parts of a hog are the main focuses when evaluating muscle?
Ham, Loin, and Rump
The ham, loin, and rump are the main focus when evaluating a hog for what?
Muscle
What part of a hog are often viewed when evaluating the animal for fatness?
Jowl, Shoulders, and Loin
The jowl, shoulders and loin are often viewed when evaluating a hog for what?
Fat
How many pigs will swine give birth to on average?
8 to 10 pigs
How long is the average gestation period for female swine?
114 days
Depending upon facilities, care, and production schedule, when is a litter of pigs weaned?
3 to 6 weeks
Weaning a litter of pigs at 3 to 6 weeks of age depends on what 3 factors?
Facilities, care and production schedule
In some cultures, laws were handed down that pork was from what kind of animal and therefore should not be eaten?
An unclean animal
What precious commodity was used to preserve pork prior to the invention of refrigeration and freezing?
Salt
What is one area that swine has contributed in unique ways that other animals cannot duplicate?
Human Health Care
What two physiological systems in swine are very similar to humans?
Cardiovascular and Digestive
Pigs used fro medical research are not slaughtered for what?
Human Consumption
What animal has been used for research on diabetes, alcoholism, gastrointestinal diseases, people ulcers, liver transplant studies, wound healing, and plastic surgery?
Swine
How many kinds of medications are swine the source of?
Over 40
Cellophane, floor waxes, insulation, plastics, and marches are examples of products containing what from slaughtered pigs?
Fatty Acids and Glycerin
What part of a pig is used to help human heart patients?
Pig Heart Valves
Where is insulin taken from that allows diabetes treatment?
Pig’s Pancreas Gland
Bone china, glass, glue, porcelain, and water filters are examples of products created from what in slaughtered pigs?
Bones
Chalk and crayons are examples of products that contain what from slaughtered pigs?
Fatty Acids and Glycerin
Cement, antifreeze, rubber, insecticides, and wee killers are examples of products containing what from pigs?
Fatty Acids and Glycerin
What is created from the blood of slaughtered pigs?
Fabric Dye
What from a slaughtered pig is used to make artist’s brushes?
Hair
What is a football often referred to as because the leather used to make them comes from pigs?
Pigskin
What year did the World Health Organization label swine flu a pandemic?
2009
What is swine flu also known as?
H1N1
Why was H1N1 first called swine flu?
It was believed to have originated in swine.
What do producers use in order to identify pigs?
Universal Ear Notching System
What do notches in the pig’s right ear identify?
Litter Number
What ear has notches that identify the pig’s litter number?
Right
What do notches in the pig’s left ear identify?
Individual pig number
Which ear has the notches that identify the individual pig number?
Left
In the universal ear notching system, what is each ear divided into?
Numbered quadrants
How many notches are allowed in each numbered quadrant when ear notching pigs?
2
What does each notch in the outside lower quadrant of the pig’s ear represent?
1
What does each notch in the outside upper quadrant of the pig’s ear represent?
3
What does each notch in the inside upper quadrant of the pig’s ear represent?
9
What does each notch in the inside lower quadrant of the pig’s ear represent?
27
In addition to 2 notches being used in each quadrant of the pig’s ear, where else can a notch be made?
The tip of the pig’s ear
What is the range of numbers that may be represented using the universal ear notching system?
All numbers between 1 and 161
Why is the largest hog population concentrated in the Midwest?
Abundance of grain available in this area for producers to feed their pigs.
What is the name used to describe the Midwest area where the largest hog population resided?
Corn Belt
What three breeds of pigs are known for their mothering ability?
Yorkshire, Chester White, and American Landrace
What word in a breed name will indicate erect ears?
Shire
