Animal Science Quiz Bowl Questions Flashcards
What is a cat that is a mix of various breeds?
Common House Cat
What is the process of animals being tamed by humans?
Domestication
What is the term for being medically put to sleep?
Euthanized
What is a rare or unusual animal that is kept as a pet?
Exotic Pet
What are dogs that have the instinct to herd other animals?
Herding Dogs
What are dogs that have the capability to track either by scent or sight?
Hounds
What is the process of preventing male animals from reproducing by removing the reproductive organs?
Neutering
What is a diverse breed of dog that ranges in terms of appearance, size, and personality?
Non-Sporting
What is a pedigreed feline animal of unmixed lineage?
Purebred Cats
What is the process of preventing a female animal from reproducing by removing the reproductive organs?
Spaying
What type of dogs are known for their instincts in the woods and water?
Sporting Dogs
What type of dog is energetic and feisty?
Terriers
What type of dogs are small and known for their companionship?
Toy Breeds
What type of dogs have been developed to perform jobs such as protecting property or livestock, or pulling sleds?
Working Dogs
What animal is a man’s best friend?
Dog
What is any animal not considered livestock that is used as a personal companion?
Small Animal
Over time humans have shifted from being hunters to being what?
Farmers
What was the first domesticated animal?
Dogs
What was the second domesticated animal?
Cats
According to one popular theory, whom did dogs evolve from?
Wolf Pups
How many years ago do dog fossils date back to?
15,000 Years Ago
Approximately how many years ago were cats domesticated?
4,000 Years Ago
Who depicted cats in statues and inscriptions?
Egyptians
What have cats long been known for their ability to control?
Rats and Mice
According to the 2009 National Pet Owners Survey, approximately what percent of U.S. households own a pet?
62%
How many dogs and cats are pets in the United States?
More than 171 Million
In 2008, how many dollars were spent on pets in the United States?
$43.2 Billion
How many birds do pet owners in the United States own?
15 Million
How many cats do pet owners in the United States own?
93.6 Million
How many dogs do pet owners in the United States own?
77.5 Million
How many fish do pet owners in the United States own?
182.9 Million
How many reptiles do pet owners in the United States own?
13.6 Million
How many dollars are spent in the United States on pet food?
16.8 Billion
How many dollars are spent in the United States on pet supplies/OTC medicine?
$10 Billion
How many dollars are spent in the United States on veterinary care of pets?
11.1 Billion
How many dollars are spent in the United States on live animal purchases?
2.1 Billion
How many dollars are spent in the United States on pet services?
3.2 Billion
How many breeds of dogs does the American Kennel Club recognize?
199
How many groups of breeds of dog division are recognized by the American Kennel Club?
7
What are the seven groups that the American Kennel Club divides the breeds of dogs into?
Sporting dogs, Hounds, Working dogs, Terriers, Toy dogs, Herding dogs, and non-sporting Dogs
What group of dogs includes pointers, retrievers, setters, and spaniels?
Sporting Dogs
What group of dogs includes beagles, bassets, dachshunds, and coonhounds?
Hounds
What group of dogs are used by hunters to track game and by law officials to track criminals?
Hounds
What group of dogs includes rescue dogs and police dogs?
Working Dogs
What group of dogs includes great Pyrenees, German Shepherd, and Siberian Husky?
Working Dogs
What were the ancestors of the terriers bred for?
Hunt and Kill Vermin
What groups of dogs includes the fox terrier and miniature schnauzer?
Terriers
What group of dogs included the chihuahua, pug, shih tzu, and perkingese?
Toy Breeds
What groups of dogs are considered great lap dogs?
Toy Breeds
What group of dogs have a great ability to control where other animals move?
Herding Dogs
What group of dogs included the Australian shepherd, collie, border collie, and old English sheepdog?
Herding Dogs
What group of dogs includes the Boston terrier, Dalmatian, poodle, and Bulldog?
Non-Sporting
What happens to many dogs whose owners are not able to care for them and did not realize the responsibility required for them?
They are abandoned
How many cats and dogs are euthanized in shelters in the United States?
More than 3 Million
What are two methods for controlling the animal population depending on the gender of the pet?
Spaying and Neutering
What effect does spaying or neutering a pet have on the animal?
Calming
What are two purposes for cats?
Companionship and Pest Control
What instinct do cats use for pest control?
Hunting Instincts
Why do cats require less care than dogs?
They Have a Independent Nature
What two groups are purebred cats divided into?
Short Haired and Long Haired Breeds
What is not necessary for short haired cat breeds?
Brushing
How many breeds of cat are recognized in the United States?
36
What breed of cats are people probably most familiar with?
Common House Cats
What is a common house cat?
A Mix or Cross of Various Breeds
What two ways are rabbits raised?
Commercially or as a Hobby
What are commercially raised rabbits used for?
Meat production, fur and wool production, laboratory research, and pets
Where is rabbit meat marketed?
Grocery Stores and Restaurants
How is the texture of rabbit meat described?
Very Fine Textured
What makes rabbit meat easily digestible?
Low Fiber Content
How many estimated pounds of rabbit meat do Americans consume each year?
35 Million Pounds
What are the three most common breeds of rabbits used for wool or fur?
Rex, Satin, and Angora
Which breed of rabbit used to produce fur or wool produces short fur that is very soft?
Rex
Which breed of rabbit used to produce fur or wool produces fur that has an intense color and tends to have a slick, shiny appearance?
Satin
Why does the Satin breed of rabbit’s fur have a slick, shiny appearance?
The Transparent Outer Shell of the Fur
What breed of rabbits used to produce fur or wool produces a wool that is softer, warmer, and lighter than sheep wool?
Angora
Who primarily uses Angora rabbit wool in the United States?
Hand Spinners
How many rabbits were used for research in 1991 compared to 240,000 used in 2006?
400,000
How many breeds of rabbits does the American Rabbit Association recognize?
50
Rabbits range in size from what to what?
Dwarf to large
How much will a dwarf rabbit weigh depending on the breed?
4 Pounds or Less
How much can a large breed of rabbits weigh?
16 Pounds or More
What are pets ranging from a snake or reptile to a hamster or gerbil examples of?
Exotic Pets
What is an important fact about the domestication of exotic pets that should be remembered if you chose to own one?
Many are not Domesticated but just tamed wild animals.
What type of care is not as readily available for exotic pets as it is for cats and dogs?
Veterinary care
What are the four basic needs of small animals?
Food, water, shelter, and attention
What should determine the type of pet that a person can care for responsibly?
Lifestyle
What are two examples of a pet that would be good for a person who is always away from home a lot?
Fish or Hamster
What are the four basic maintenance requirements for all pets?
feeding, grooming, bathing, and health care.
What does the health of your pet depend upon?
Your willingness to care for it.
What schedule do dogs and cats have that should be followed to ensure the health of the animal?
Vaccination
When should a dog receive its Distemper, Measles, Para influenza(CPI), and viviparous vaccination?
6-8 Weeks Old
When should a dog receive its DHLPP vaccinations?
8-12 Weeks Old
When should a dog receive its rabies vaccinations?
12 Weeks Old
When should a dog receive its last DHLPP vaccination?
16 Weeks Old
When should a dog receive its last rabies vaccination?
12 Months Old
What diseases are vaccinated with the DHLPP vaccine?
Distemper, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis,Para Influenza, and Parvovirus
When should a cat receive its Panleukopenia, Pinotracheitis, and Calicivirus vaccinations?
6-8 Weeks
When should a cat receive its 2nd FPV, FVR, and FCV and 1st Feline Leukemia vaccinations?
12 Weeks
When should a cat have its 1st rabies, 2nd FeLV, 3rd FPV, and FCV vaccinations?
16 Weeks
When should a cat receive its FPV, FVR, VCV, FeLV and rabies vaccination?
16 Months and each year
What should you provide a cat to urinate and defecate in?
Litter Box
Why should cats not be fed dog food?
Dog food has less protein.
What is one of the most important aspects to routine maintenance?
Feeding
How much can a puppy cost during its first year of ownership?
$500-$1000
How much should you expect a kitten to cost for the first year of care?
$400-$800
How much should a small bird such as a finch approximately cost for its first year of care?
$250
Why should you have more cost the first year you own a pet?
The need to purchase new equipment.
What are three costs that should be expected yearly when owning an animal?
Feed, vaccinations, and veterinary expenses
What species makes up the most total number of pets owned in the United States?
Fish
What age does a cat require its first vaccinations?
6-8 Weeks Old
What age does a dog require its first vaccinations?
6-8 Weeks Old
What is the protein that makes the white of the egg?
Albumen
What is a term that represents small sized breeds of chickens?
Bantams
What are young meat chickens?
Broilers
What is specialized care of chickens during the first few weeks of life?
Brooding
What is a castrated male chicken?
Capon
What is a young immature chicken?
Chick
What is a mature male chicken that has not been castrated or canonized and is also called a rooster?
Cock
What is a young male chicken under one year of age?
Cockerel
What is to discard from a flock or herd?
Cull
What is removal of the beak tip on young chickens called?
Debeaking
What is a mature male duck?
Drake
What are animals used for more than one purpose such as milk, eggs, and fiber called?
Dual-Purpose
What is a young duck weighing 6 to 7 pounds?
Duckling
What is a group of chickens?
Flock
What is a group of geese?
Gaggle
What is a term for a male goose?
Gander
What are specially poultry meats such as heart, gizzard and livers called?
Giblets
what is a specific term for a female goose?
Goose
What is an uncastrated male goat?
Buck
What is a young male or female goose?
Gosling
What is a mature female chicken, duck, or turkey?
Hen
What is a device that regulates the environment so chicken embryos can develop properly?
Incubator
What are egg-producing chickens?
Layers
What are parts of an animal that are inedible by humans after slaughter?
Offal
What is the reproductive tract of a female chicken?
Oviduct
What is a young male or female turkey?
Poult
What is a young female chicken under one year of age?
Pullet
What is a mature male chicken that has not been castrated or canonized and is also called a cock?
Rooster
What is a hen that no longer produces eggs?
Spent Hen
What is a male turkey that is past one year of age?
Tom
How much money does the poultry industry contribute to the Oklahoma economy each year?
More than $400 Million
Where are broiler producers mostly located in Oklahoma?
Eastern Part of the State
How many birds per year can broiler producers raise?
More then $80,000
What is a term used to describe domesticated birds that are kept for eggs and meat?
Poultry
Which bird dominates the United States poultry industry?
Chickens
Who were some of the earliest people known to have used clay incubators to hatch eggs?
Ancient Egyptians
Who were some of the earliest known people to have raised poultry for eggs and meat?
Ancient Egyptians
When were the first chickens brought to the United States?
Early 1600’
The first chickens brought to the United States in the early 1600’ arrived at what colony?
Jamestown colony
When did the first commercial hatchery open in the United States?
1870
When was the American Poultry Association founded?
1873
What year did the American Poultry Association first publish the American Standard of Perfection?
1874
What does the American Standard of Perfection describe?
Various Poultry Breeds
What is battery raised chicken mean?
The use of a series of stacked cages to house the birds.
When did the USDA begin inspecting poultry products for wholesomeness through the Federal Poultry Inspection Service?
Between 1926 and 1928
Between 1926 and 1928, the USDA began inspecting poultry products for wholesomeness through what?
The Federal Poultry Inspection service
When was mechanical poultry dressing first used?
1940
What happened in 1940 that led to the current large scale, highly mechanized style of poultry processing used today?
Mechanical Poultry dressing was first used.
When did Colonel Sanders first begin his Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise business?
1952
Who began the Kentucky Fried Chicken franchise business?
Colonel Sanders
How many pounds of chicken do Kentucky Fried Chicken restaurants serve every year?
900 Million pounds
What year did Congress pass the Poultry Products Inspection Act?
1957
What did Congress pass in 1957 related to the poultry industry?
Poultry Products Inspection Act
What did Congress pass in 1968?
Wholesome Poultry Products Act
When did Congress pass the wholesome Poultry Products Act?
1968
In what years did cash receipts for poultry sales begin to exceed those for hogs?
Early 1980’s
when did chicken consumption increase to the point that it began to equal or exceed that of beef?
1990’s
Until the 1990s, what was America’s most consumed meat?
Beef
What contents of chicken tend to be generally lower then that of beef or pork?
Fat and Cholesterol
What is the most nutritionally complete foods?
Eggs
What is considered to be superior to other protein sources including cow’s milk, fish and beef?
Protein quality in eggs
What are domestic turkeys descended from?
Wild Turkey of North America
Who wanted the wild turkey as the national bird because it is considered to be highly intelligent, respectable, and courageous?
Ben Franklin
What is the most common breed of turkey for commercial production?
Broad Breasted White
At what weight is the broad breasted white turkey marketed?
17-30 Pounds
What breeding method is used in commercial turkey production?
Artificial Insemination
What are the third most important types of commercial poultry?
Ducks
What three breeds of duck are the best for meat production?
Aylesbury, Muscovy, and white Pekin
At what weight are ducks generally marketed?
6-7 Pounds
What are the three most popular breeds of geese for commercial production?
Toulouse, Emden, and African
At what weights are geese generally marketed?
18-26 Pounds
What occupies the largest portion of the poultry industry?
Chickens
What two types of chickens are used in commercial production?
Broilers and layers
What two breeds of chicken are most commonly crossed in commercial chicken production?
Cornish and White Plymouth Rock
What are the genetic strains that result from crossing commercial chicken breeds named after?
The company that developed them
What color are the shells of the majority of eggs sold in the United States?
White
Commercial strains of white egg-laying hens are usually developed from what?
White Leghorn
What is a popular strain of brown egg-laying hens called?
Production Red
What breed of chickens are Production Red hens developed from?
Rhode Island Red
What range do large chicken breeds’ reach mature weight?
From 5 up to 12 pounds
How are chicken breed categorized?
Size
What are the two categories chicken breeds are broken into?
Large breeds and Bantams
How many classes are large chicken breeds broken into?
6
What are the 6 classes of large chicken breeds based on?
Their origin
What are the 6 classes of large chicken breeds?
American, Asiatic, English, Mediterranean, Continental, and other
The Langshan, Plymouth Rock, and Orpington breeds of large chickens are examples of what?
Dual-Purpose Breeds
What are some breeds of large chickens and all breeds of Bantams considered to be due to their unusual plumage or coloring?
Ornamental Breeds
How much do Bantam breeds of chickens generally weigh when they are mature?
1 or 2 Pounds
Bantams have sub-classifications based on what?
Their physical characteristics
What is the process of young birds learning by interacting with others of their own species called?
Imprinting
What should you do if you find an egg in a nest in the wild?
Leave it alone
What parts are the chickens well known for?
Combs and Wattles
Where are the wattles on a chicken found?
Below the beak
What are three things that distinguish a rooster from a hen?
Larger in size, cape of feathers around the neck, and spurs on the back of its legs
What are two characteristics that differentiate a hen from a rooster?
Shorter tail feathers and smaller wattle
How long does a chicken need to complete an egg?
Slightly more than 24 hours
How many days in a row does a hen usually lay eggs before skipping a day?
4
How many eggs per year do production layers average?
250
What does an egg begin as within the hen’s body?
Ovum
What does the ovum develop into?
Yolk
What is the portion of the egg that takes the longest to develop?
Shell
Approximately how long does the shell take to be completed?
21 hours
What is the shell primarily made up of?
Calcium Carbonate
What body part is the finished egg from a chicken expelled?
Vent
What are small spots of blood on the yolk?
Blood spots
What are brown spots of tissue on the yolk?
Meat spots
What occurs if the hen’s ovulation cycle in not properly synchronized?
Double yolk
When manufacturing the influenza vaccine, what part of the egg contains the virus?
Egg white
How many eggs are needed to produce the influenza vaccine for one season?
Approximately 90 million
How many months does it take to produce a flu vaccine from fertilized eggs?
6-9 months
How come grocery store eggs will not work for producing flu vaccines?
They are not fertilized
What is the correct temperature for eggs to be incubated?
100 degrees F
What should the relative humidity be inside an incubator?
60-70 percent
What end of the egg should be up when inside an incubator?
Large end up
How long does a chicken egg incubate?
21 days
What is shining a bright light through the egg to view its contents called?
Candling
What happens to eggs after they are candled if they are developing improperly?
They are discarded
What does a chick use to break out of its shell?
egg tooth
What should the temperature be inside a brooder the first week?
90-95 degrees F
What happens to the temperature inside a brooder each week after the first week?
Drops five degrees each week?
How much space should be given for each chick during the first week after hatching?
10 square inches
How does the United States rack in the poultry production?
Number 1
How does the United States rank in egg production?
Number 2
How does the Unites States rank in poultry meat exports?
Number 2
What has happened to the per capita consumption of chicken and turkey since 1970?
More then doubled
What type of eggs are most of the eggs sold for consumption in the Unites States?
Chicken
What are three quality grades for eggs?
A, AA, and B
What is the highest quality grade for an egg?
AA
Why did the per capita consumption of eggs drop 25 percent from 1970-1990?
Cholesterol Concerns
What two types of eggs are often carved to make beautiful decorations?
Ostrich and Emu
What bird provided a fine leather often made into boots?
Ostrich
What poultry product is a natural anti-inflammatory agent?
Emu oli
What two social phenomena have been better understood by humans due to the research of poultry birds?
Peaking order and imprinting
What is meat from a goat under 40 pounds live weight and not yet removed from the mother?
Cabrito
What is fiber taken from the undercoat of any goat breed other then the Angora?
Cashmere
What is goat cheese?
Chevre
What is meat from an older goat?
Chevon
What is a female goat?
Doe
What is a process or state in which small particles are uniform and evenly distributed?
Homogenized
What is the process of goats giving birth?
Kidding
What are goat’s offspring?
Kids
What is fiber produced by Angora goats?
Mohair
What is a male sheep or goat that has been castrated?
Wether
What are three uses for goats around the world?
Meat, dairy products, and fiber
What has the number of goats in the United States slaughtered for meat done in the past decade?
More then doubled
What is the scientific name for goats?
Capra Hircus
Where did the ancestors of the domestic goat originate?
Arid area of Asia and the Mediterranean
What was the world’s first livestock registry?
Goats
When did the first registry for goats start?
1600s
Where did the first registry for goats start in the 1600s?
Switzerland
If silage is fed to milking does, how long should you wait to milk?
5 hours
When placed in a pasture setting, what would goats prefer to eat?
Weeds
Why is cashmere softer to the touch than mohair?
Cashmere fibers are finer
How much mohair fiber is produced per year by a goat?
10.5 pounds
How much cashmere fiber is produced per year by a goat?
Less than one pound
What is the approximate staple length of mohair?
6 inches
What is the staple length of cashmere?
1 1/4 to 3 inches
What is the diameter of mohair fibers?
23-38 microns
What is the unit of measurement used for the diameter of cashmere and mohair fibers?
Microns
What is the diameter of cashmere fibers?
Less than 19 microns
Which fiber produced by goats is not crimped and high in luster?
Mohair
Which fiber produced by goats is crimped and has low luster?
Cashmere
What type of wool is mohair similar to in size and strength
Course sheep wool
How is mohair different from course sheep wool?
It is smoother
Why do mohair fibers lack the felting properties of wool?
Mohair fibers have a much thinner, smoother type of scale
What type of mohair fiber has a lock, which is usually wavy and more bulky?
Type B
What type of mohair fiber grows hair in tight ringlets and is a finer mohair?
Type C
What are two important factors for profitable mohair production?
Goat selection and genetics
In order to grow better quality fleeces, what must be adequate in the diet for an Angora goat?
Protein
What do some producers put on their goats in order to have a cleaner and therefore more valuable fleece?
Coats
Why were goats brought on many ship voyages to the new world?
A source of fresh milk
What year were Angora goats first imported to the United States?
1849
What breed of goats was imported into the United States in 1849?
Angora
What are two products derived from Angora goats?
Mohair fiber and meat
What year were Toggenburg goats imported into the United States?
1893
What is the primary purpose for the Toggenburg breed of goats?
Dairy
What breed was the first purebred dairy goat imported into the United States in 1893?
Toggenburg
What country did Toggenburg goats come from?
Switzerland
Where is the E( Kika ) de la Garza American Institute for goat research located?
Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma
What is the name of the institute who conducts scientific research and results to benefit the goat industry throughout the world located at Langston University?
The E( Kika ) de la Garza American Institute for goat research
How many meat goats are in the United States?
3.2 Million
How many dairy goats are in the United States?
370,000
What is one of the most popular meat goats in the United States?
Boer
In what arena have Boer goats gained in popularity?
Livestock Show Arena
Where did the Boer goat originate?
Africa
What is a common color pattern for the Boer breed of goats?
White with a dark colored head
What are two advantages to the Boer breed of goats?
Docile temperament and can breed year round
What dairy breed of goats originated in the french Alps?
Alpine
What type of goat is the Alpine breed of goats?
Dairy
What are small clumps of hair covered skin on either side at the base of the neck on a goat?
Wattles
What are Alpine dairy goats known for?
Excellent milk production and well-shaped udders
What breed of goats originated in Africa and was developed in England by crossing the African imports with smaller local goats?
Nubian
Where was the Nubian breed of goats developed?
England
What are the three most common colors of the Nubian breed of goat?
Black, Red, or Tan
What is Nubian goat milk high in?
Butter-fat content
Why is the Nubian breed of goat considered a dual-purpose breed?
Its large size
What is the dual-purpose of the Nubian breed of goats?
Raised for meat and milk
What breed of goats is long-legged with a roman nose, pendulous ears, and a short sleek hair coat?
Nubian
What is the Toggenburg of goats often called?
Togg
What is the oldest known dairy breed of goat?
Toggenburg
Where did the Toggenburg originate?
Swiss Alps
What is the Toggenburg breed of goat known for?
Excellent milkers
What breed of goats is any shade of brown with distinct white markings on the legs, around the tail, and in strips down either side of the face?
Toggenburg
Where was the LaMancha breed of goats developed?
America
When was the LaMancha breed of goats developed in America?
mid-1900s
What type of ears does the LaMancha breed of goats have?
Tiny external “Gopher” ears
Where did the Saanen breed originate?
Saanen valley in Switzerland
What is the purpose for the Saanen breed of goats?
Dairy
What color is the Saanen breed of goats typically colored?
White
What is a colored variation of the Saanen breed of goats called?
Sable
What two other names might the Oberhasli breed of goat be called?
Ober or Obi
What would you describe the color chamois?
Light or dark red-brown
What breed of goat is colored chamois with black on the face, legs, belly, udder, and dorsal stripe?
Oberhasli
What are Angora goats raised for?
Fiber
What is the fiber produced by Angora goats called?
Mohair
Where does Angora fiber come from?
Rabbits
Where did the Angora breed of goat originate?
Turkey
How often is mohair sheared from Angora goats?
Twice per year
What breed of goat has a white coat that hangs in long curly locks all over their body?
Angora
How much mohair does the average Angora goat produce in one year?
11 pounds
Until recently, what type were most meat goats in the United States?
Spanish goats
What is another name for the Myotonic breed of goats?
Tennessee fainting goat
What is the recessive gene present in Tennessee fainting goats that cause them to faint when they are excited or frightened?
Myotonia
What is goat manure used for?
Fertilizer
What parts of the United States is Chevron in highest demand?
Eastern and Southwestern
What cultures frequently eat Chevon?
Greek, Muslim, Arabic, and Mexican
Why is the greatest demand for Chevon concentrated in the Eastern and Southwestern United States
This is where there is a higher population of Greek, Muslim, Arabic, and Mexican communities can be found.
How is the supply in relation to the demand for Chevon in the United States?
Demand is greater than supply
What causes there to be peak demand times for Chevon in the United States?
Chevon is required by some cultures for certain religious and celebratory events
What is cabriro commonly used for?
Barbecue
What is the maximum live weight for a goat to be slaughtered and the meat be considered cabrito?
40 pounds
How is a large portion of the goat meat sold in the United States?
Privately or on-farm sales
What type of breeders are goats?
Seasonal
What is a popular myth in regard to goat’s milk?
It tastes bad
Properly produced goat’s milk taste the same as what?
Cow’s milk
What is one difference between goat and cow’s milk?
Goat milk is naturally homogenized
What is used to separate the cream from goats’milk?
Mechanical separator
Why are products such as butter and ice cream not commonly produced from goat milk?
Greater labor is needed to separate the cream from the goat’s milk.
What product is goats milk often an ingredient for?
Soaps
What is goat cheese called?
Chevre
Where in recent years has chevre seen a gain in popularity?
Gourmet Market
How is chevre generally known in the United States?
A soft, white cheese with a mild tangy flavor
What is the most common type of fiber taken from goats?
Mohair
Mohair is similar to sheep wool but lacks what?
Crimp
What are the two types of fiber taken from goats?
Cashmere and mohair
How does cashmere fiber grow on goats?
As a soft winter undercoat
Where does most of the cashmere sold today come from?
Middle Eastern countries, Australia, and New Zealand
What is an advantage of goat milk when compared to cow milk?
Easier to digest
Why is goat milk whiter than cow milk?
It does not contain beta-carotene.
What is goat milk higher in when compared to cow milk?
Vitamins A and B-6, Thiamin, Niacin, and Mineral content
What is goat milk lower in when compared to cow milk?
Riboflavin, vitamin B-12, and folic acid
What are two important nutrients that neither goat nor cow milk have significant amounts of?
Zinc and Iron
What must be done to goat milk before it is offered for sale?
It must be pasteurized
What are two vital factors for both the safety of goat milk?
Herd management and hygiene
What makes goat milk more susceptible than cow milk in picking up off-flavors?
The composition of the fat
Why should you keep bucks away from milking does’?
Buck odor will be picked up in the milk
Mohair fleece is evaluated essentially the same way as what?
Wool
When was the cashmere breed of goats first imported in the United States?
1980’s
Where was the cashmere breed of goats imported into the United States from?
Australia and New Zealand
What four factors determine the quality of a cashmere fleece?
Color, Crimp, Diameter, and Length
What determines the use of cashmere?
Staple length
What are shorter cashmere fibers used for?
Woven Fabrics
What are longer cashmere fibers used for?
Knitted Fabrics
When should cashmere be harvested?
Early part of the year
The goat’s undercoat grown in response to what?
Day length
How is cashmere usually harvested from the goat in the United States?
Sheared
What is the difference between Chevon and Cabrito?
Chevon is meat from an old goat and Cabrito is meat from a young goat not weaned and weighing less than 40 pounds live weight.
What are the important parts of a meat goat?
Loin and rump
What are the important parts of a dairy goat?
Teat placement and udder attachments
What is a male horse younger than three years old?
Colt
What is the dark stripe along the spine of an animal?
Dorsal Stripe
What is a horse that is taller than 17 hands and used for heavy work?
Draft horse
What are long fine hairs covering the lower legs of some animal breeds such as the Clydesdale horse?
Feathers
What is a type of animal that descended from domestic animals now living in undomesticated areas?
Feral
What is a female horse younger than three years old?
Filly
What is a male or female horse younger than one year of age?
Foal
What is a male horse older than three years of age that has been castrated?
Gelding
What is a measurement of horses equal to four inches?
Hands
What is a horse between 14.2 and 17 hands in height?
Light horse
What is a female horse older than three years of age?
Mare
What are parts of an animal that are typically white; used to describe areas such as ears, nose, tail, and legs on some animals?
Points
What is a horse shorter than 14.2 hands?
Pony
What is a male horse older than three years of age that has been castrated?
Stallion
What is the highest point on a horse’s shoulder; point of height measurement?
Withers
What is the scientific name for the modern domestication horse?
Equus Caballus
How many years has the horse been in existence?
2 Million Years
Where does fossil evidence suggest that horses originated?
North America
When was the horse first domesticated?
5,000 Year Ago
Where was the horse first domesticated?
Europe and Asia
What were horses first used for?
Pulling chariots
What conquests that occurred throughout history would not have been possible without the horse?
Military
During what century did Spanish explorers bring horses with them as they sailed to the new world?
16th Century
What are the wild horses of this continent called?
Mustangs
What culture used horses for buffalo hunts, transportation, and in a battle?
Native American
What two economically important roles have horses become a part of today?
Recreation and sports
How are horses categorized?
By their size
What three sizes are horses categorized by?
Light horse, Draft horse, and ponies
How many inches is a hand when measuring a horse?
Four inches
What is a light horse suitable for?
Riding
What is the primary purpose for draft horses?
Work
What breed of horse is considered the oldest purebred horse in the world?
Arabian
Where was the Arabian breed of horse developed?
Deserts of the Middle East
What breed of horse has a high set tail, the neck is arched and the back is shorter than most breeds, and a dished profile, prominent eye, large nostrils, and small muzzle characterize the head?
Arabian
What breed of horse got its name because of its speed at short distance?
Quarter horse
Where was the Quarter horse developed?
United States
What year was the Quarter horse official breed registry established?
1940
What breed of horse is known for its ability to outmaneuver cattle?
Quarter horse
Where was the Thoroughbred of horse developed?
England
When was the thoroughbred breed of horse developed?
Trun of the 17th century
What was the original purpose for the Thoroughbred breed of horse?
Carry weight with sustained speed over extended distances.
Who manages the Thoroughbred registry today?
The Jockey club
How many foundation sires does the Thoroughbred breed of horse trace back to?
3
How fast is the Thoroughbred breed of horse capable of running?
35 to 40 mph
What is the most easily recognized characteristic of the Appaloosa breed of horses?
Its distinctive spotted coat
What must be done to verify the parentage of a horse that does not display the distinct spotted coat of the Appaloosa breed of horse?
Blood typed
The wild Mustang horse is often visualized as a symbol of what?
The American West
What is the word mustang derived from?
Spanish word meaning wild or stray
How many Mustang horses roamed the Western ranges of the United States at the beginning of the 20th century?
More than 2 Million
How many mustang horses existed in the middle of the 20th century?
Several Thousand
What caused a decline in numbers for Mustangs during the 20th century?
Farmers and ranchers saw them as competition for the rangeland grazed by their cattle and killed them.
What bill offered the Mustang breed of horse protection from the slaughter they had experienced?
Wild Free Roaming Horses and Burros Act
What year was The Wild Free Roaming Horses and Burros Act passed?
1971
Who is in charge of controlling the numbers of Mustangs that roam wild on public lands today?
Bureau of Land Management
How does the Bureau of land management control the number of Mustangs roaming on public lands today?
Routinely capture them and offer them for adoption through the Adopt-a-horse program.
What are the two most common types of riding?
English and Western
What type of riding is involved in combined training?
English
What are three areas that test the fitness, ability, and training of both the horse and rider in combined training?
Cross-country riding, dressage, and show jumping
What type of riding events are cutting and team penning?
Western
WHat is the name of the event where a specific cow is separated from the herd by a person fiding a horse?
Cutting
What is the name of the event where riders on horseback work together separating cattle?
Team Penning
What is a form of English riding that focuses on developing the natural movements of the horse?
Dressage
What has dressage been likened to a form of?
Dance
What event for horses involves one or more horses pulling a cart, wagon, or carriage?
Driving
What event for horses is very strenuous and tests the horse’s ability to cover very long distances in a single day?
Endurance riding
What distance might a horse and rider in Endurance riding events be required to cover in a single day?
50 or 100 miles
What event for horses includes hounds that are used to track and chase foxes while horse and rider follow?
Fox hunting
What event tests a horse and rider’s speed and agility through basic skills such as mounting, dismounting, starting, and stopping in a way that is fun and competitive?
Gymkhana
What event for horses is a team sport in which riders use mallets to hit a ball in a goal?
Polo
What event for horses focuses on the speed of the horses?
Racing
What type of riding events are rodeos?
Western
Most of the events in rodeo are derived from skills required for?
Cattle ranching
What event for horses includes events that test the skill of both the horse and rider and might include reining and jumping?
Show Ring
How are the parts of a horse unique?
Horses have parts not found on other livestock
What three things are included for basic horse identification?
Color, Breed, and Gender
What color describes a horse whose body color is reddish or coppered and the mane and tail may be the same color or blonde?
Sorrel
What color describes a horse that has a dark red or brownish red body and the mane and tail is the same color or blonde?
Chestnut
What color describes a horse that has a brown or red body color ranging from tan to redish brown to very brown and the points are black?
Bay
What is the difference between a bay and a chestnut colored horse?
A bay has black points
What color describes a horse that has a brown or black body with light areas at the muzzle, eyes, flank, and inside upper legs?
Brown
What color would describe a brown horse with black points?
Brown Bay
hat color would describe a horse that has a solid black body without any light areas except possible white markings on the face and legs and has a black mane and tail?
Black
What color describes a horse that has a mixture of white with any other colored hairs?
Gray
How is a gray horse colored when it is born?
A solid color
When does a grey colored horse begin to turn gray?
After it loses its foal coat
What color would describe a horse that has a body color of golden yellow with a white or flazen mane and tail and does not have a dorsal stripe?
Palomino
What color describes a horse that has a yellowish or gold body with black points and does not have a dorsal stripe?
Buckskin
What color would describe a horse that has a very light cream color with pumpkin skin and blue eyes?
Cream
What variation of cream color is a horse with a cream colored body with white mane and tail?
Cremello
What variation of cream color is a horse that had a light cream body color with a reddish tinge to the mane and tail?
Perlino
What color describes a horse that is truly white all over and lacks pigment in all the hair and skin and usually has brown eyes?
White
Dun is a term for what?
Color pattern that includes darker tips, dorsal stripe, barring on the legs, and a shoulder stripe across the withers.
What is a term for a color pattern that includes darker tips, dorasl stripe, barring on the legs, and a shoulder stripe across the withers?
Dun
What color would describe a horse with a bluish, smoky, or mouse gray body color and the points and dun marking are black
Mouse Dun or Grulla
What color would describe a horse that has a yellowish or gold body color and the points and dun markings are black?
Buckskin Dun
What color would describe a horse that has a yellowish or light red body color and the points and dun markings are darker red?
Red Dun
What color describes a horse that has a mixture of white hairs with any other dark color on the body and does not get lighter with age?
Roan
What color describes a horse that has a fairly uniform mixture of white and red hairs on the body and the points are a darker red although the mane and tail may be lighter?
Red Roan
What color describes a horse that has a mixture of white and black hairs on the body but is usually darker on the head and lower legs and is not gray because it does not get lighter with age?
Blue Roan
What color describes a horse that has a mixture of white with red hairs and the points are black?
Bay Roan
What two words are interchangeable and describe a horse with a spotted coat?
Pinto and Paint
What registry will register horses and ponies of any breed that exhibit the spotted coat coloring
The Pinto horse association of America
What registry will register only horses that are of Quarter horse or Thoroughbred descent that have the spotted coat coloring?
The American Paint horse association
What are two patterns of the Pinto and Pint coloration?
Overo and Tobiano
What pattern of Paint or Pinto horse is described by the white originates on the underside of the horse and will rarely cross the back of the horse between its withers and its tail, at least one or all four legs will be dark color, and head markings are predominately white?
Overo
What pattern of Paint or Pinto horse is described as white across the spine extending downward between the ears and tail in a clearly marked pattern and the head markings are like those of a solid colored horse, all four legs are usually white at least below the hocks and knees and the spots are regular and distinct as ovals or round patterns that extend down over the neck and chest?
Tobiano
What are three common Appaloosa color patterns?
Leopard, Blanket, and Snowflake
Which Appaloosa color pattern is described as white all over with dark spots scattered all over the body?
Leopard
Which Appaloosa color pattern is described as the horse is a dark color with a blanket of white hair over the hips and croup area?
Blanket
Which Appaloosa color pattern is described as any color with small white spots scattered randomly over the body?
Snowflake
What is an example of a relative of the domestic horse that exists in the wild?
Zebra
Why can a zebra not be domesticated?
A zebra is truly a wild animal
What is a crossing between a zebra and a horse called?
Zorse
What is a cross between a zebra and a donkey called?
Zebrass
What is any marking on a horse’s forehead called?
Star
What is any marking usually vertical, between a horse’s nostrils called?
Snip
What is a narrow marking between the horse’s forehead and nostrils extending vertically called?
Strip
What is a marking on the horse’s forehead with a strip to the nasal peak called?
Star and Strip
What is a marking on the horse’s forehead with a narrow extension of the nasal peak and opening up again between the nostrils?
Star, Strip, and Snip
What is a vertical marking that extends the length of the face and is of medium width and is relatively uniform?
Blaze
What is a broad blaze extending out and around the eyes and also down to the horse’s upper lip and around the nostrils called?
Bald face
What is any narrow marking around the horse’s coronet above the hoof?
Coronet
What is a marking that includes half of the horse’s pastern above the coronet?
Half Pastern
What is a marking that includes the hores’s entire pastern?
Pastern
What is a marking that extends from the coronet halfway up the cannon bone, halfway to the knee on the foreleg or halfway to the hock on the back leg?
Sock
What is an extended sock that is a full marking to the area of the knee on the foreleg and to the hock on the back leg?
Stocking
Who is the founding sire of the Morgan breed of horses?
Figure
What year was figure, the founding sire of the Morgan breed of horses born?
1789
Who owned figure, the founding sire for the Morgan breed of horses?
Justin Morgan
What breed of horses originated in Belgium
Belgium
What breed of horses is considered America’s favorite Draft horse?
Belgium
What breed of horses is an old breed that originated in France?
Percheron
What color is the American Belgian almost always?
Sorrel
In what year were Percheron horses first imported into the United States?
1839
What breed of horses originated in Scotland?
Clydesdale
What was the original purpose for the Clydesdale breed of horses?
To perform work on the farm and pull freight.
What breed of horses is a tiny breed that originated in the Shetland Islands off the coast of Scotland?
Shetland
What breed of horses is one of the most popular breeds of ponies?
Shetland
What breed of horses originated in the hills of Wales?
Welsh
The Welsh pony has a refinement that shows the influence of what?
Arabian Ancestors
What are two color patterns that include patches of white or colorless skin?
Piebald and Skewbald
The Welsh pony can be any color except what two?
Piebald or Skewbald
What is the difference in height between a draft horse and a pony?
Draft measure over 17 hands, ponies are 8 to 14.2 hands.
What are groups of tiny units where milk is produced within an animals mammary system?
Aveoli
What is a holding area for milk withing an animals mammary system?
Cisterns
What is the first milk a female animal produces after giving birth?
Colostrum
What is the portion of milk that rises to the top?
Cream
What is the solid portion of milk after it is curdled and strained?
Curds
What is a cow approximately two months before calving that has stopped producing milk in preparation for birth?
Dry cow
What are substances that keep together liquids that tend to separate such as oil and water?
Emulsifiers
What is the milking period of an animal?
Lactation
What is the sugar naturally found in milk?
Lactose
What is the milk producing system within an animal, especially important for a dairy cow?
Mammary system
What is a hormone produced by an animal that signals the milk letdown reflex?
Oxytocin
What is the process of heating a food product to kill bacteria?
Pasteurization
What is a bred cow showing signs of pregnancy?
Springer
What is a combination of processes into one company such as Braum’s Dairy?
Vertically Integrated
What is the water portion of milk after it is curdled ans strained?
Whey
What are three states in the United States with the most dairies?
California, Wisconsin, and New York
What is the name of one of the largest dairies in the United States located in Oklahoma?
Braum’s dairy
What is Oklahoma’s claim to dairy fame?
Braum’s Dairy
In what year does archaeological evidence show that the Egyptians used milk, cheese, and butter?
3,000 BC
Archaeological evidence shows that what group of people used milk, cheese, and butter in 3,000 BC?
Egyptians
Humans were milking cows as early as when?
9,000 BC
In what year were the first dairy cows brought to the Jamestown colony in America?
1611
What type of bovine animal was first brought to the Jamestown colony in America in 1611?
Dairy cow
Why did the lack of transportation and refrigeration cause large-scale dairying difficult?
Milk and milk products are perishable
What was difficult before transportation and refrigeration were available for milk and milk products?
Large-scale dairying
Who invented a process for making canned condensed milk in 1856?
Gail Borden
Gail Borden invented a process for making canned condensed milk in what year?
1856
What did Gail Borden invent in 1856
Process for making canned condensed milk?
What allowed milk to be transported much greater distances without spoiling in 1861?
Mechanical Refrigeration
In what year did mechanical refrigeration allow milk to be transported much greater distances without spoiling?
1861
Who invented a method for determining the amount of butterfat in milk products in 1890?
Stephan Babcock
What did Stephan Babcock invent in 1890?
A method for determining the amount of butterfat in milk products?
What year did Stephan Babcock invent a method for determining the amount of butterfat in milk products?
1890
What year did milk pasteurization become commercially available?
1895
What are two advantages for pasteurized milk?
Safer to drink and can be kept longer
When did artificial insemination become commercially available?
1930’s
When were embryo transfers introduced?
1970’s
When did the recombinant bovine somatotropin hormone start being used on dairy cows to increase milk production?
1990’s
What does the abbreviation rBST mean?
Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin
What does the abbreviation rBGH mean?
Recombinat Bovine Growth Hormone
What is one of the most important characteristics of any dairy animal?
Milk production
How many days per year is the average dairy cow milked?
305
What unit of measurement is used to report milk production in dairy cows?
Pounds
What is the most popular breed of dairy cow in the United States?
Holstein
What other name is the Holstein breed of dairy cow known as?
Holstein Friesian
Where did the Holstein breed of dairy cow originate?
Netherlands
What color markings identify the Holstein breed of dairy cow?
Black and white or red and white
What is the average yearly production for the Holstein breed of dairy cow?
21,167 pounds
What can be said of Holstein cow’s milk when compared to milk of other breeds of dairy cows?
Lower in butterfat and protein
Where did the Jersy breed of dairy cow originate?
Isle of Jersey, Britain
What is the Jersey breed of dairy cow famous for?
The amount of butterfat and protein in their milk.
How much milk does the Jersey breed of dairy cow produce annually?
16,100 pounds per cow
What breed of dairy cow varies their color from nearly white to mousy grey to a dark tan or fawn color, often darker around the head and shoulders than the body, and also may have a dark tail switch?
Jersey
Where did the Guernsey breed of dairy cow originate?
Britain
What is the color of the Guernsey breed of dairy cow?
Fawn color with white markings
What is the Guernsey breed of dairy cow’s milk noted for?
It’s golden color
Why is a Guernsey dairy cow’s milk golden colored?
The milk is high in beta-carotene.
What is the average yearly milk production for the Guernsey breed of dairy cow?
Approximately 18,000 pounds per cow
Where did the Ayrshire breed of dairy cow originate?
Scotland
What breed of dairy cow originates in Scotland?
Ayrshire
What color is the Ayrshire breed of dairy cattle?
Spotted red and white
How much butterfat does the milk from the Ayrshire breed of dairy cattle have?
Moderate
What can be said of the protein amount in milk from Ayrshine cows?
Relatively high in protein
How much milk does an Ayrshire cow produce annually?
17,230 pounds
Where did the Miking Shorthorn breed of dairy cattle originate?
England
What bred of dairy cow is one of the oldest breeds in the world?
Milking Shorthorn
What color is the Milking Shorthorn breed of dairy cattle?
Red, red and white, or roan
How much milk on average does a Milking Shorthorn cow produce annually?
15,030 pounds
Where did the Brown Swiss breed of dairy cattle originate?
Switzerland
What breed of dairy cow originated in Switzerland?
Brown Swiss
hat color is the Brown Swiss breed of dairy cattle?
Brown ranging from light to dark including grayish to black-brown
What breed of dairy cattle is brown in color ranging from light to dark including grayish to black-brown?
Brown Swiss
What three things is the Brown Swiss breed of dairy cattle noted for?
Good udders, feet, and legs
How much milk doea a Brown Swiss cow produce annually?
21,127 pounds
What parts of the dairy cow are more important than on a beef animal?
Udder and Teats
What does it tell you if you cannot see the pin bones on a dairy cow?
The cow is storing fat instead of turning grain and forage into milk.
What should be present leading into the fore udder on the underneath side of a cow?
Mammary Veins
What is the function of the mammary veins?
To carry blood to and from the udder
How many compartments does a cow’s udder have?
4
How much can a cow’s udder weigh when empty?
40 pounds
What is the function of the skin around a cow’s udder?
Protective covering
What attaches and holds a cow’s udder?
Ligaments
What are the four categories that fluid milk products can be separated into?
Whole milk, reduced fat, low fat, and fat free
What percent milk fat is contained in whole milk?
No less than 3.25%
How many grams of fat are in a 8-ounce serving of whole milk?
8
What is whole milk fortified with?
Vitamin D
What percent fat is in reduced fat milk?
2%
What percent fat is in low fat milk?
1%
What percent fat is in fat free milk?
0
What is fat free milk also called?
Skim milk
What kind of milk contains 2% fat?
Reduced Fat milk
What kind of milk contains 1% fat?
Low Fat Milk
What kind of milk contains no fat?
Fat Free Milk
What kind of milk contains no less than 3.25% fat?
Whole Milk
What type of milk is whole milk that has not been homogenized, pasteuized, or fortified?
Raw Milk
What is present in raw milk that is normally destroyed in the pasteurization process?
Bacteria
What is the most common flavored milk?
Chocolate
What is a person whose digestive system lacks the enzymes needed to break down the lactose in milk?
Lactose Intolerance
What percent milk fat is cream in its normal state?
40%
What type of cream is a bland of milk and cream containing between 10.5 and 18 percent milk fat>
Half and Half
What type of cream is 18-30 percent milk fat?
Light cream
What type of cream is 30 to 36 percent milk fat?
Light Whipping Cream
What type of cream is at least 36 percent milk fat and whips more readily than light whipping cream?
Heavy Whipping Cream
What percent of the water has been removed from evaporated milk?
60%
What type of milk is pasteurized and has 60% of the water removed from it?
Evaporated Milk
What two forms does dry milk come in?
Non-fat and whole
What type of milk is pasteurized milk that has had sweetener added to it and has 60% of the water removed from it and is common in recipes?
Sweetened Condensed Milk
What type of milk is i powdered form and can be used for cooking or have water added to reconstitute it as fluid form?
Dry Milk
What type of milk has malt added to it then is dehydrated into powder form?
Malted Milk
What American treat was orriginally sold as a health food?
Malted Milk
Who invented malted milk?
James and William Horlick
en was malted milk invented?
1870’s
What candy favorite contains malted milk?
Whoppers
What candy favorite contains malted milk?
Whoppers
What is a mixture of milk and cream fermented by an active culture of lactic acid producing bacteria?
Yogurt
What is a cream that has been treated with lactic acid producing bacteria to produce a thickened product with a charateristic tangy taste?
Sour cream
What was once a by-product of making butter but is now generally made through culturing milk with appropriate types of bacteria?
Buttermilk
What is a mixture of milk, cream, sweeteners, and flavorings that is stirred together and frozen?
Ice Cream
What percent milk fat is ice cream?
Minimum of 10%
What is similar to ice cream however contains 3 to 5% milk fat?
Ice Milk
What has less milk and more sugar than ice cream and is usually made with a mix of syrup or fruit juice, and contains 1 to 2% milk fat?
Sherbet
How much of the milk produced in the United States is used to make cheese?
One Third
One third of all the milk produced in the United States is used for what?
Making cheese
Natural cheeses are made from what milk protein?
Casein
How many varieties of natural cheeses are there?
More than 400
How are the more than 400 varieties of natural cheeses classified?
According to their degree of hardness
What are Parmesan, Swiss, Romano, Cheddar, Gruyere, and Colby cheese examples of?
Hard cheeses
What are Edam, Gouda, and Provolone cheese examples of?
Firm cheeses
What are Blue, Mozzarella, and Limburger cheese examples of?
Semi-soft cheeses
What are Brie, Camembert, Feta, Ricotta, Cottage cheese, and cream cheese examples of?
Soft Cheeses
What precent milk fat is butter?
80%
What is butter made from?
Pasteurized Cream
What is added to whipped butter that increases its volume and making it softer and more spreadable?
Air
At what age are dairy heifers bred?
15 months old
What is the gestation period for a dairy cow?
9 months
If a dairy heifer is bred at 15 months of age, how old will she be when she gives birth?
2 years old
When is a cow rebred?
Three months into her lactation
When does a cow begin to stop producing milk in preparation for giving birth?
About 2 months prior to calving
Each gland cistern can hold how much milk?
About 2 pounds
On average, how much milk can each cow produce each day?
6-8 Gallons
What is removed from a superior cow and transplanted into surrogate cows during embryo transfer?
Embryo
What is one problem associated with embryo transfer?
Any genetic problem of the donor cow is passed to more offspring than normal.
What is used in order to record data in a database therefore creating a complete production record for the cow?
Electronic Identification System
