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Medical Science > Physiological Tests- Respiratory System > Flashcards

Physiological Tests- Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 diseases of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Asthma
  2. Bronchitis
  3. Emphysema
  4. Lung cancer
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2
Q

How does asthma affect the lungs?

A

Narrowed and inflamed bronchi and bronchioles

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3
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath intermittently

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4
Q

What are the asthma triggers?

A

Smoking, exercise, dust. Allergies, stress

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5
Q

What are the 2 key factors of asthma?

A
  1. Often worse at night and early morning
  2. In response to a trigger
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6
Q

How does bronchitis affect the lungs?

A

Inflamed and narrowed bronchi

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchitis?

A

Shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent cough

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8
Q

How does emphysema affect the lungs?

A

Walls of alveoli break down

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of emphysema?

A

Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing in and out

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10
Q

What happens in sever cases of emphysema?

A

Patients need to breathe oxygen through a mask

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11
Q

How does lung cancer affect the lungs?

A

Tumour in lungs

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of lung cancer?

A

Coughing up blood, persistent cough, weight loss

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13
Q

What 3 lung diseases are strongly linked to smoking?

A

Bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer

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14
Q

What increases the risk of lung diseases?

A

Infections and atmospheric pollution

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15
Q

What are the 2 diseases that are part of COPD?

A

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

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16
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Inflammation and excess mucus

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17
Q

What does COPD stand for?

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

18
Q

Why do people with emphysema struggle to breathe out?

A

Alveoli loses elasticity so less air is being pushed out

19
Q

What are the 2 types of tests?

A

Peak flow meter and spirometry

20
Q

What is the peak flow method?

A
  1. Set meter to 0
  2. Deep breath in
  3. Close mouth around mouthpiece
  4. Exhale as fast and forcefully as possible in a single blow
  5. Repeat 2 more times and record the highest value
21
Q

What does the peak flow meter measure?

A

Peak expiratory flow rate - flow of air achieved when breathing out as hard as you can

22
Q

What are the limitations in spirometers and peak flow?

A
  1. Patient not blowing as hard as they can
  2. Patient not putting their lips right around the mouthpiece
23
Q

What are the uses for a peak flow?

A

Used to measure relative change
1. Before and after medication
2. Before and after asthma trigger

24
Q

How can you tell the difference between asthma and COPD using peak flow?

A

Asthma- peak expiratory flow will reduce in response to a trigger and recover with medication
COPD- peak expiratory flow will always be low

25
Q

Is spirometry more accurate than peak flow test?

A

Yes

26
Q

What is FEV1?

A
  1. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second
  2. Volume of air that can be blown out after full inspiration in 1 second
27
Q

Why is FEV1 not same as PEF?

A

Peak expiratory flow is less than 1 second

28
Q

What is FVC?

A
  1. Forced vital capacity
  2. Maximum volume of air a person can exhale from the lungs after maximum inhalation
29
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each breath

30
Q

What are the 2 categories of lung disease?

A
  1. Obstructive lung disease
  2. Restrictive lung disease
31
Q

What is obstructive lung disease?

A

Leads to the narrowing of airways

32
Q

What are examples of obstructive lung diseases?

A

Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

33
Q

What is restrictive lung disease?

A

Causes a decrease in maximum achievable lung volume during inspiration

34
Q

What is an example of restrictive lung disease?

A

Scarring of lung tissue due to infection

35
Q

What is the equation for the percentage of FEV1?

A

FEV1 / FVC x 100

36
Q

What does the percentage of FEV1 signify?

A

The capacity of air that can be expired in 1 second

37
Q

What do results below 80% show?

A

Obstructive lung disease

38
Q

What do results of 80% or above but abnormally low FVC show?

A

Restrictive disease

39
Q

What disease can be both restrictive and obstructive?

A

Cystic fibrosis

40
Q

How does cystic fibrosis obstruct the lungs?

A

Sticky mucus

41
Q

How does cystic fibrosis restrict the lungs?

A

Scar tissue

42
Q

What is a flow volume curve?

A

A loop graph a spirometer creates

Medical Science (21 decks)

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