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Medical Science > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What elements do lipids contain?

A

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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2
Q

What are lipids soluble in?

A

Alcohol

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3
Q

Why are lipids insoluble in water?

A

Non polar molecules due to large number of carbon and hydrogen

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4
Q

What are the 3 groups of lipids?

A
  • Triglycerides
  • phospholipids
  • steroids
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5
Q

What are triglycerides made up of?

A
  • one molecule of glycerol
  • 3 fatty acid tails
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6
Q

What are the properties of triglycerides?

A
  • large, insoluble molecules so hydrophobic
  • 3 ester bonds formed between glycerol and fatty acid
  • 3 water molecules released through condensation reaction
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7
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Long hydrocarbons chain with carboxylic acid group at one end

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of fatty acids?

A
  • saturated
  • unsaturated
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9
Q

What are the properties of saturated fatty acids?

A
  • single C-C bond
  • contain more hydrogen
  • linear hydrocarbon chain
  • solid at room temperature
  • high melting point
  • fatty acids can pack closely together
  • strong intermolecular bonds between fatty acid chains
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10
Q

What are the properties of unsaturated fatty acids?

A
  • one or more C=C double bonds
  • causes a kink
  • non-linear chains do not allow fatty acid molecules to pack closely together
  • weaker intermolecular bonds between fatty acid chains
  • lower melting point
  • liquids at room temperature
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11
Q

What are phospholipids made up of?

A
  • one glycerol molecule
  • 2 fatty acid tails
  • one phosphate group
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12
Q

Which end of the phospholipids is hydrophobic?

A

Fatty acid tail

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13
Q

Which end of the phospholipids is hydrophilic?

A

Phosphate

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14
Q

What does hydrophobic mean?

A

Repels water

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15
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

Attracted to water

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16
Q

What is the phospholipids bilayer?

A
  • hydrophilic phosphate head is facing cytoplasm and tissue fluid
  • hydrophobic fatty acid tails facing away from water based substances
17
Q

What is the structure of steroids?

18
Q

What are the 3 examples of steroids?

A
  • cholesterol
  • testosterone
  • oestrogen
19
Q

What are testosterone and oestrogen an example of?

A

Lipid based hormones

20
Q

What does cholesterol do in cell membranes?

A

Makes more rigid

21
Q

Describe the emulsion test

A
  1. Mix sample with alcohol in test tube
  2. Shake tube thoroughly
  3. Add cold water and shake gently
  4. If milky white emulsion occurs, lipid is present
22
Q

What are the 6 roles of lipids?

A
  1. Source of energy
  2. Waterproofing
  3. Insulation
  4. Protection
  5. Buoyancy
  6. Electrical insulator

Medical Science (21 decks)

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