Carbohydrates Flashcards
What elements do carbohydrates contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is the ratio of carbon: hydrogen: oxygen?
1:2:1
What are the types of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and polysaccharides
What are the properties of monosaccharides?
- sweet tasting
- soluble in water
- metabolised in respiration to release energy
- osmotically active
What is a monosaccharide?
Simplest unit of carbohydrates that can be joined together to form a polysaccharide
What is a monomer?
The simplest unit or the repeating unit of a polymer
What are 3 carbon monosaccharides called?
Triose
What are 4 carbon monosaccharides called?
Tetrose
What are 5 carbon monosaccharides called?
Pentose
What are 6 carbon monosaccharides called?
Hexose
What is an example of a function of triose?
Glyceraldehyde in glycolysis a stage of respiration
What is an example of a function of Pentose?
Ribose/deoxyribose sugars making up part of the RNA/DNA molecules
What is an example of a function of hexose?
Alpha glucose and beta glucose makes storage/structural molecules also fructose and galactose
What is the difference between the structure of alpha glucose and beta glucose?
In alpha glucose in c1, hydrogen is bonded above hydroxide whereas in beta glucose, hydrogen is bonded below hydroxide
What are isomers?
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structural formula
What are the monomer hexose isomers?
- Alpha glucose
- beta glucose
- galactose
- fructose
What is a polymer?
A compound made up of several repeating units of monomers
What is a polysaccharide?
Repeating units of more than 10 monosaccharides
What is the reaction to form polysaccharides?
Condensation
What is the bonds to make polysaccharides?
Covalent
What is a condensation reaction?
Reaction that releases a molecule of water when joining monomers
What is an example of of condensation reaction in carbohydrates?
Glycogenesis- formation of glycogen from glucose
What is 2 monomers bonded together called?
Dimer
Why is hydrolysis reaction?
Breaking down a compound with the addition of water
What is an example of hydrolysis in carbohydrates?
Glycogenolysis- breakdown of glycogen into glucose
Why are the properties of polysaccharides?
- may be linear or branched
- insoluble/colloidal (osmotically inactive)
- not sweet tasting
- energy storage/ structural functions
What are 3 example of polysaccharides?
- glycogen
- starch
- cellulose
What are the properties of glycogen?
- heavily branched
- storage product in animals
- made of alpha glucose molecules linked by glycosidic bonds
What are the properties of starch?
- storage product in plants
- made of alpha glucose molecule linked by glycosidic bonds
- 2 components; amylose and amylopectin
Is amylose branched?
No
Is amylopectin branched?
Yes
What are the properties of cellulose?
- structural molecule in plants
- alternating isomers allowing cross linking between chains forming microfibrils
