Enzymes Flashcards
What are enzymes?
- Globular proteins
- biological catalysts
What is metabolism?
All the reactions in the body
What are the 2 types of metabolism?
Anabolic and catabolic
What is anabolic?
Building up of molecules
What is an example of anabolic reaction?
Protein synthesis
What is catabolic?
Breaking down molecules
What is an example of catabolic reaction?
Digestion
What type of reaction is involved in catabolic reaction?
Hydrolysis
What type of reaction is involved in anabolic reaction?
Condensation
What are substrates?
Starting point
What are products?
Finishing point
What are the characteristics of enzymes?
- globular protein
- speeds up reaction
- not used up
- not changed by reaction
- can be used repeatedly (effective in small amounts)
- high turn over (catalyse many reactions per second)
What is intracellular?
Inside cells
What is extra cellular?
Secreted from cells by exocytosis
What is enzyme substrate complexes?
- when enzyme acts on its substrate and makes temporary bond forming enzyme substrate complex
- tertiary structure/3D
What is the lock and key theory?
Substrate fits into an enzyme’s complementary active site forming an enzyme substrate complex
What is an induced fit model?
- enzyme changes shape for substrate to fit
- before, as not complementary to substrate
- substrate binds, as changes shape
What is collision theory?
- successful collisions required in order to form a product
- increase successful collisions: increase temperature, increase pressure
- frequency and number of effective collisions determine the rate of reaction
