Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is the spinal column?
- A series of small bones forming a flexible and supportive structure down the spine
What are the intervertebral discs?
- Fluid filled cartilage found between the vertebrae to cushion them during locomotion
- firm flexible, connective tissue
Where can the intervertebral discs be found?
- Joints
-Flexible parts of the nose - external parts of the ears
What type of tissue is bone and cartilage?
Living tissue (connective tissue)
What are the 3 components of bones?
- compact bone tissue
- spongy bone
- marrow cavity
Where is the location of the red marrow?
Spongy bone
Where is the location of the yellow marrow?
Marrow cavity
Define joints
A structure in the body at which 2 parts of the skeleton are fitted together
What are the 3 types of joints?
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
What is an example of fibrous joint?
Skull
What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
Intervertebral discs
What is an example of a synovial joint?
Knee
What are the components of synovial joints?
- Cartilage
- synovial fluid
- synovial membrane
- tendon
- ligament
What is the role of the cartilage?
Reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber
What is the role of the synovial fluid?
Lubricates the joint
What is the role of the synovial membrane?
Produces synovial fluid
What is the role of the tendon?
Joins muscle to bone enabling movement
What is the role of the ligament?
Joins bone to bone stabilising the joint
What are the 4 types of synovial joints?
- ball and socket joint
- hinge joint
- gliding joint
- pivot joint
What is an example of a ball and socket joint?
Shoulder and hip
What is an example of a hinge joint?
Elbow and knees
What is an example of a gliding joint?
Wrist and ankle
What is an example of a pivot joint?
Neck
What type of movement does ball and socket joint allow?
Circular
What type of movement does hinge joint allow?
Movement in one plane only
What type of movement does gliding joint allow?
Limited circular movement
What type of movement does pivot joint allow?
Allow head movement from side to side and nod
Are ligaments elastic?
Yes
Are tendons elastic?
No
What is the musculoskeletal system made up of?
- Bones of the skeleton
- muscles
- cartilage
- tendons
- ligaments
- joints
- other connective tissue
What is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system?
Support and locomotion
Why do we need muscle?
- muscle tissue is responsible for movement and locomotion
- muscles rely on contractile fibres to create motion
- in vertebrates muscles attach to a skeletal system to produce locomotion
What is the muscular systems second function?
is the maintenance of posture and body position
What is a muscle cell called?
Muscle fibre
What do myofibrils contain?
Contractile filaments
What is the myofibrils composed of?
Thick and thin filaments
What are the filaments of myofibrils made up of?
Strands of protein
What do muscles do?
Contract and relax
How do muscles contract?
Thick and thin myofibrils filaments slide over each other
What do muscles require to contract?
- Need energy from ATP
- from respiration of glucose or glycogen with oxygen
What is ATP?
Energy rich compound
What is locomotion produced by?
Muscles pulling on bones (attached together by tendons)
What do joints in the skeleton allow?
(Sometimes attached by ligaments) allow flexing and extending to create motion
What are antagonistic muscles?
Muscles that work in pairs, opposing each other, controlling movement of joint
What is an example of antagonistic muscles?
Biceps and triceps
What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?
- Causes troponin to move tropomyosin away from the binding sites
- this allows myosin to bind to actin
Describe the sliding filament theory
- Myosin head tightly kicked onto an actin filament
- ATP binds to the myosin head- myosin head released from actin
- Myosin head displaced by 5nm- ATP hydrolysis
- Myosin head attaches to a new site on actin filament Pi released- myosin head regains its original conformation and ADP released
- Myosin head is again locked tightly to the actin filament
