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Medical Science > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 components of blood?

A
  1. Plasma
  2. Erythrocytes
  3. Leukocytes
  4. Thrombocytes
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2
Q

What are erythrocytes known as?

A

Red blood cells

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3
Q

What are leukocytes known as?

A

White blood cells

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4
Q

What are thrombocytes known as?

A

Platelets

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5
Q

What substance makes up the most of the blood?

A

Plasma 55%

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6
Q

What substance makes up the second highest?

A

Erythrocytes 45%

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7
Q

What is the function of plasma?

A

Carries the other components of blood and salts and enzymes

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8
Q

What is the highest substance in plasma?

A

92% water

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9
Q

What does plasma look like?

A

A light yellow liquid

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10
Q

What is the function of erythrocytes?

A

Allows blood cells to carry oxygen

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11
Q

What are erythrocytes filled with that allows them to carry oxygen?

A

Haemoglobin - protein which pigments blood

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12
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

A

Protects/ fights against infections

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13
Q

What do the 3 types of leukocytes do?

A
  1. Ingests pathogens by phagocytosis & destroys them
  2. Produce antibodies to destroy particular pathogens
  3. Produce antitoxins that counteract toxins released by pathogens
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14
Q

What is the function of thrombocytes?

A

Stop bleeding by clotting blood vessel injuries

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15
Q

What are the blood groups?

A

A, B, O & rhesus

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16
Q

What are blood groups determined by?

A

Specific elements found on the surface of red blood cells

17
Q

What is an antigen?

A

A protein coating surface of an erythrocyte that can stimulate an immune response

18
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Proteins carried in the blood plasma that react with antigens and erythrocytes

19
Q

What happens if antibodies bind to antigens on the surface of the red blood cells?

A

Cells agglutinate (clump together)

20
Q

What are the type of erythrocytes and plasma needed for blood type A?

A

Erythrocytes: antigen A
Plasma: anti-B antibodies

21
Q

What are the type of erythrocytes and plasma needed for blood type B?

A

Erythrocytes: antigen B
Plasma: anti-A antibodies

22
Q

What are the type of erythrocytes and plasma needed for blood type AB?

A

Erythrocytes: antigens AB
Plasma: either anti-A or anti-B antibodies

23
Q

What are the type of erythrocytes and plasma needed for blood type O?

A

Erythrocyte: neither antigen A or B
Plasma: both anti-A and anti-B antibodies

24
Q

When when was blood groups discovered and by who?

A

1901 - Karl Landsteiner

25
Q

What does it mean when you are rhesus positive?

A

You have another antigen that is also found in rhesus monkeys 85%

26
Q

What does it mean when you are rhesus negative?

A

You do not have the antigen that rhesus monkeys have 15%

Medical Science (21 decks)

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