physiological homeostasis Flashcards
define homeostasis
maintenance of a constant internal environment
describe the principles of and components of physiological feedback loop
sensor detects change in physiological condition
comparator processes info and determines response
effector carries out necessary action to restore balance
identify factors under homeostatic control
nutrients
gases
waste products
pH
salt and electrolytes
temperature
volume and pressure
describe immediate compensatory regulatory responses
occurs within seconds or minutes
autonomic nervous system
give an example of immediate compensatory regulatory responses
baroreceptor reflex
shivering
describe short term compensatory regulatory responses
occurs within minutes to hours
hormonal regulation via endocrine system
give an example of short term compensatory regulatory responses
release of cortisol or adrenaline during stress
adjusting ADH during dehydration
describe long term compensatory regulatory responses
structural or functional changes to organs/tissues
give an example of long term compensatory regulatory responses
increased red blood cells at high altitude
what is a positive feedback loop?
amplifies a change in physiological response
give an example of a positive feedback loop
childbirth
contractions trigger release of oxytocin
oxytocin enhances strength contractions
contractions intensifies until baby is delivered
what is a negative feedback loop?
reverses change in physiological system to maintain homeostasis
restoring back to set point
give an example of negative feedback loop
body temp regulation
when body temp rises the brain signals sweat glands to produce sweat
sweat cools the body to reduce body temp back to normal
what is feedforward
anticipatory change
Give an example of feedforward
muscle memory
