hormonal regulation of appetite and satiety

Question 1

Which hypothalamic region is crucial for controlling hunger?

Answer 1

arcuate nucleus (ARC)

Question 2

What role does leptin play in hypothalamic regulation of metabolism?

Answer 2

lepin, from fat cells signals hypothalamus to reduce appetite and increase energy expenditure when fat stores are sufficient

Question 3

What effect does the hormone ghrelin have on the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

ghrelin is released from the stomach, stimulates hunger

Question 4

Which part of the hypothalamus is involved in regulating energy expenditure?

Answer 4

ventromedial hypothalamus

Question 5

orexigenic

Answer 5

increase appetite

Question 6

anorexigenic

Answer 6

suppress appetite

Question 7

what is alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone

Answer 7

peptide hormone that inhibits food intake (anorexigenic)

Question 8

What is the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in energy intake?

Answer 8

stimulates appetite and food intake, especially during energy deficits.

Question 9

How does pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) influence body weight?

Answer 9

produce a-MSH, which suppresses appetite

Question 10

What is the function of agouti-related peptide (AgRP) in energy regulation?

Answer 10

antagonists to MC3 and MC4 receptors
promotes hunger (orexigenic)

Question 11

high levels of leptin receptors (Ob-Rb) are expressed on

Answer 11

ARC hypothalamic neurons

Question 12

a deletion in which receptor results in obesity

Answer 12

leptin receptor (Ob-Rb)

Question 13

leptin is a member of the _______ family and is made and secreted from ?

Answer 13

cytokine
adipocytes

Question 14

what effect does IVC insulin have on food intake

Answer 14

inhibits food intake and decreases body weight

Question 15

neuron specific deletion of insulin receptor results in ?

Answer 15

obesity

Question 16

what type of cells produce ghrelin

Answer 16

oxyntic cells

Question 17

L cells of GI tract produce what that reduces food intake

Answer 17

peptide YY
GLP-1

Question 18

What is the ob/ob mouse model?

Answer 18

lacks the gene for leptin
mimics starvation so there is a unrestrained appetite

Question 19

What characterizes the db/db mouse model?

Answer 19

mutation in the leptin receptor causing leptin resistance

Question 20

How is the Zucker rat used as an obesity model?

Answer 20

mutation in leptin receptor
causing obesity and leptin resistance

Question 21

which protein is responsible for hair colour

Answer 21

AGOUT1

Question 22

Ay mutations lead to

Answer 22

obesity

Question 23

Ay is and antagonist for

Answer 23

MC4 receptor

Question 24

MC4 receptor is orexygenic/anorexigenic?

Answer 24

anorexygenic

Question 25

What characterizes the fat/fat mouse model?

Answer 25

loss of function CPE
decrease in a-MSH
leads to obesity

Question 26

deficiency in POMC results in

Answer 26

obesity

Question 27

leptin receptor activates what signalling cascades

Answer 27

JAK2-STAT
IRS-PI3K
ERK and AMPK

Question 28

Hypothalamic resistance to leptin and insulin in obesity associated with

Answer 28

increase hepatic glucose output
peripheral insulin resistance