bone turnover

Question 1

physiological functions of bone

Answer 1

mechanical stress
hormones

Question 2

name the 2 regions of long bones
what sits between these regions

Answer 2

diaphysis
epiphysis
epiphyseal plate and metaphysis

Question 3

what covers long bone

Answer 3

periosteum

Question 4

osteoblast are bone _________________ cells

Answer 4

forming

Question 5

osteoclast are bone ___________ cells

Answer 5

resorbing

Question 6

osteoblasts differentiate from

Answer 6

mesenchymal precurors

Question 7

osteoclasts differentiate from

Answer 7

haemotopoetic stem cells

Question 8

role of osteoblasts

Answer 8

Secrete type 1 collagen, and alkaline phosphatase
to form osteoid which is mineralised by calcium
phosphate to form hydroxyapatite

Question 9

role of osteoclasts

Answer 9

Release acid and proteolytic enzymes to degrade
collagen and matrix proteins in bones

Question 10

how do osteoclasts function in trabecular bone

Answer 10

create a cavity called Howship’s lacuna

Question 11

how do osteoclasts function in cortical bone

Answer 11

create a cutting cone and move through the longitudinal axis of the bone

Question 12

cortical bone = ___________________
trabecular bone =______________

Answer 12

compact
spongy

Question 13

osteoblasts are __________ cells

Answer 13

stromal

Question 14

osteoblasts become ________________

Answer 14

osteoclasts

Question 15

Osteoblasts lay bone in layers called ____________

Answer 15

lamellae

Question 16

what happens when there is a loss of RANKL

Answer 16

Failure of the osteoclasts to resorb bone
bone is really dense
Autosomal recessive osteopetorosis

Question 17

insulin is ______________ and in T1DM the lack of it leads to

Answer 17

osteogenetic
less proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts

Question 18

how can glucocorticoids affect bone remodelling leading to potential osteoporosis

Answer 18

Decrease absorption of Ca2+ across the small intestine
Induce osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption
Suppress development of osteoblasts

Question 19

75% of skeleton = ______________ bone
25% of skeleton =______________ bone

Answer 19

cortical
trabecular