HPA- hypothalamic pituitary axis Flashcards
adenohypophysis is related to which pituitary
anterior
neurohypophysis is related to which pituitary
posterior
How is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus?
hypophyseal portal system
What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary?
thyrotropin RH
gonadotropin RH
corticotropin RH
growth hormone RH
somatostatin
dopamine
What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?
ADH
oxytocin
What is the primary blood supply for the anterior pituitary?
superior hypophyseal artery
Does the posterior pituitary have direct neuronal innervation?
yes
Which artery supplies the posterior pituitary?
inferior hypophyseal artery
What are the main cell types found in the anterior pituitary?
basophils
acidophils
chromaphobes
What type of hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?
Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Which pituitary lobe is responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream after neuronal stimulation?
posterior pituitary
hat is the target tissue and function of Growth Hormone (GH)?
all tissues
Stimulates growth and development in tissues
What is the target tissue and function of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?
thyroid
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which regulate metabolism, energy production, and growth.
What is the target tissue and function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?
adrenal cortex
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release corticosteroids, especially cortisol
What is the target tissue and function of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?
ovaries and testes
Stimulates spermatogenesis and ovarian follicle production
What is the target tissue and function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
ovaries and testes
In females: Triggers ovulation and promotes the formation of the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone.
In males: Stimulates the production of testosterone by the Leydig cells in the testes.
What is the target tissue and function of Prolactin (PRL)?
mammary glands
stimulates milk production
Which anterior pituitary hormone is responsible for regulating the body’s stress response?
ACTH
Which anterior pituitary hormone is involved in lactation?
prolactin
What are the two key hormones released by the posterior pituitary?
ADH
oxytocin
What is the target tissue and function of Oxytocin?
mammary glands and uterus
uterine contractions and milk ejection
What is the target tissue and function of Vasopressin (ADH)?
kidneys and blood vessels
increases water reabsorption and regulates blood pressure
What triggers the release of Vasopressin (ADH)?
dehydration
increase blood osmolality
low blood pressure
What does Growth Hormone (GH) stimulate the liver to produce, and what is its role?
GH stimulates the liver to produce Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), which promotes bone growth and tissue development by stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting cell death (apoptosis).
