HPA- hypothalamic pituitary axis

Question 1

adenohypophysis is related to which pituitary

Answer 1

anterior

Question 2

neurohypophysis is related to which pituitary

Answer 2

posterior

Question 3

How is the anterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

hypophyseal portal system

Question 4

What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary?

Answer 4

thyrotropin RH
gonadotropin RH
corticotropin RH
growth hormone RH
somatostatin
dopamine

Question 5

What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 5

ADH
oxytocin

Question 6

What is the primary blood supply for the anterior pituitary?

Answer 6

superior hypophyseal artery

Question 7

Does the posterior pituitary have direct neuronal innervation?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

Which artery supplies the posterior pituitary?

Answer 8

inferior hypophyseal artery

Question 9

What are the main cell types found in the anterior pituitary?

Answer 9

basophils
acidophils
chromaphobes

Question 10

What type of hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 10

Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin

Question 11

Which pituitary lobe is responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream after neuronal stimulation?

Answer 11

posterior pituitary

Question 12

hat is the target tissue and function of Growth Hormone (GH)?

Answer 12

all tissues
Stimulates growth and development in tissues

Question 13

What is the target tissue and function of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

Answer 13

thyroid
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), which regulate metabolism, energy production, and growth.

Question 14

What is the target tissue and function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)?

Answer 14

adrenal cortex
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce and release corticosteroids, especially cortisol

Question 15

What is the target tissue and function of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)?

Answer 15

ovaries and testes
Stimulates spermatogenesis and ovarian follicle production

Question 16

What is the target tissue and function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?

Answer 16

ovaries and testes
In females: Triggers ovulation and promotes the formation of the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone.
In males: Stimulates the production of testosterone by the Leydig cells in the testes.

Question 17

What is the target tissue and function of Prolactin (PRL)?

Answer 17

mammary glands
stimulates milk production

Question 18

Which anterior pituitary hormone is responsible for regulating the body’s stress response?

Answer 18

ACTH

Question 19

Which anterior pituitary hormone is involved in lactation?

Answer 19

prolactin

Question 20

What are the two key hormones released by the posterior pituitary?

Answer 20

ADH
oxytocin

Question 21

What is the target tissue and function of Oxytocin?

Answer 21

mammary glands and uterus
uterine contractions and milk ejection

Question 22

What is the target tissue and function of Vasopressin (ADH)?

Answer 22

kidneys and blood vessels
increases water reabsorption and regulates blood pressure

Question 23

What triggers the release of Vasopressin (ADH)?

Answer 23

dehydration
increase blood osmolality
low blood pressure

Question 24

What does Growth Hormone (GH) stimulate the liver to produce, and what is its role?

Answer 24

GH stimulates the liver to produce Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), which promotes bone growth and tissue development by stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting cell death (apoptosis).