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regulatory physiology and pharmacology > calcium homeostasis part 2 > Flashcards

calcium homeostasis part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What role do Ca²⁺-ATPases play in maintaining basal Ca²⁺ levels?

A

actively transport calcium (Ca²⁺) out of the cytoplasm

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2
Q

name the 2 types of Ca-ATPase pumps

A

PMCA SERCA

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3
Q

what is the ratio of PMCA

A

1 H in 1 Ca out

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4
Q

what is the ratio of SERCA

A

2 H in 2 Ca out

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5
Q

How do Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchangers (NCX) contribute to calcium homeostasis?

A

exchange three sodium ions (Na⁺) into the cell for one calcium ion (Ca²⁺) out of the cell
reduce intracell calcium levels

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6
Q

where is calnexin found and how many Ca binding sites does it have

A

ER 25

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7
Q

where is calsquestrin found and how many Ca binding sites does it have

A

SR 70

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8
Q

name the EF-hand motif proteins

A

calmodulin
S100
calcineurin

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9
Q

name the C2-domain containing proteins

A

PLC PKC PLA

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10
Q

what family of ATPases are Ca-ATPase apart of

A

P-type

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11
Q

what can increase activity of PMCA

A

calmodulin

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12
Q

how many splice variants of PMCA are there

A

4

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13
Q

E1= ______ calcium affinity
E2= ______ calcium affinity

A

high
low

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14
Q

phospholamban can regulate?

A

ATPase activity

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15
Q

SERCA is encoded by ___ genes

A

3

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16
Q

NCX is ___________ system

A

antiport

17
Q

which gene encodes NCX

A

SLC8

18
Q

how many NCX isoforms are there

A

3

19
Q

voltage gated Ca channels are encoded by __________ gene

A

CACNA1

20
Q

What are store-operated calcium channels (SOCs) and how are they regulated?

A

SOCs, such as the ORAI1 channel, are activated when calcium levels in the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum drop. STIM1 senses this depletion and triggers the opening of SOCs in the plasma membrane to allow Ca influx. Regulation is primarily driven by intracellular calcium store depletion.

21
Q

IP3 role in Ca release

A

PLC hydrolyses PIP2 into DAG and IP3
IP3 stimulates release of Ca from ER via ITPR

regulatory physiology and pharmacology (20 decks)

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