Physical/Cognitive Development in Adolescence (ch. 11) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the greatest period of sexual differentiation since intrauterine life?

A

puberty!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

onset for puberty for girls vs. boys

A

girls: 10.5 yrs
boys: 12.5 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

early puberty signs for girls

A

breast development
growth spurt (height and weight)
pubic hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

menarche

A

12.8 years

woman’s first cycle, no viable ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

age of puberty has _______ for both boys and girls over the past decades

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

early puberty signs in boys

A

enlargement of testes, penis
pubic hair
growth spurt (muscles/upper body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

spermarche

A

13 yrs

man’s first ejaculation, no viable sperm

at night, “wet dream”, can be embarrassed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

puberty is best if …

A

on time with peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

if girls get puberty early

A

below avg popularity
withdrawn
lacking in self confidence
stressed
poor body image
increase risk for eating disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if boys get puberty early

A

relaxed
independent
self-confident
popular
attractive
good body image
leaders/athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

if girls get puberty late

A

physically attractive
lively
sociable
leaders
good body image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

if boys get puberty late

A

anxious
overly talkative
attention seeking
bad body image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

causes of early puberty in girls

A

changes in diet, medical care, environment

linked to father absence/step father presence

exposure to sexual media disrupts hormone levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

primary vs. secondary sexual characteristics

A

p - reproductive organs

s - outside of body/visible (body hair/weight gain in certain areas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

secular trend

A

generational change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sleep-deprived teenagers display

A

decline in executive function and both cognitive and emotional self-regulation

17
Q

Do african-american girls statistically react more favorably to menarche than european girls? why?

A

Yes; their families treat it like a milestone/better prepare them for it

18
Q

_____ brings an increase in parent-child conflict

19
Q

weak cognitive control predicts….

A

a rapid rise in drug use from early to middle adolescence

20
Q

hypothetico-deductive reasoning

A

piaget; believed when faced with a problem, young people start with a hypothesis and deduce the correct answer

21
Q

propositional thought

A

piaget’s formal operation stage; adolescents’ ability to evaluate the logic of propositions/verbal statements w/o referring to real world circumstances

22
Q

what was found in an Israeli study in regards to propositional thought?

A

schooling fully accounted for early adolescent gains in propositional thoughts

23
Q

imaginary audience

A

when one thinks they are the focus of everyone else’s attention

24
Q

personal fable

A

certain that others are observing them, inflates self importance

25
sex differences in spatial abilities
males do better in mental rotation but there is no gender difference in spatial visualization
26
Ellis and Garber (2000) consequences of early puberty
physical - higher rate of breast cancer (due to prolonged exposure to estrogen) - obesity (judged on appearance) Psychosocial - more body image disturbance - more emotional problems/problem behaviors
27
ellis and garber (2000) interpretation
identical twins got puberty closer together when together than apart = **environment has impact**
28
ellis and garber influence on timing
physical - weight - nutrition - exercise psychosocial - family environment - child behavioral problems - life stress
29
can parents do anything to avoid consequences of puberty?
for girls: nurse baby and avoid "fat talk" push for early puberty education in schools
30
Belsky, Steinberg and Draper model of reproductive effort
- availability and predictability of resources - trustworthiness of others - enduring of close personal relationships
31
for lecture lion story, when the male starts to fail...
- stress levels increase for whole family - females develop more rapidly to not be killed
32
causes of girls and environmental relationships
family stress lack of resources father absence coercive relationships lack of family support
33
effects of girls and environmental relationships
accelerated puberty and sexual behavior orients towards unstable relationships
34
evolutionary theory w/ reproduction
if environment is adverse, it may be adaptive to reproduce early
35
t/f: all of ellis and garber's hypotheses were proven correct
true
36
girls with a comfortable/stress-free childhood have a(n) ______ puberty
delayed
37
Verzani et al (pandemic)
increase in consultation for girls in budding thought to be caused by: - diet change - sleep changes/disruption - increase in stress levels and screen time
38
life history theory
organisms face trade offs facing developmental constraints (applied to pubertal timing, esp. in girls)