Emotional/Social Development in Adolescence (ch. 12)

Question 1

self esteem typically _____ in mid to late adolescence

Answer 1

rises

Question 2

identity achievement

Answer 2

commitment to values and goals following period of exploration

Question 3

identity moratorium

Answer 3

exploration w/o having reached commitment

Question 4

identity foreclosure

Answer 4

commitment in the absence of exploration

ex. parent forcing child to become a doctor

Question 5

identity diffusion

Answer 5

characterized by lack of both exploration and commitment

Question 6

3 ways society can help minority adolescents resolve identity conflicts

Answer 6

promote effective parenting
ensure schools respect minority youths’ language
contact with youths within ethnicity

Question 7

in morality, females emphasize _________ while males stress _______

Answer 7

care; justice/care

Question 8

youths who volunteer in their communities gain….

Answer 8

moral maturity and likely to engage in future service

Question 9

effective parenting

Answer 9

balances connection and separation

promotes autonomy in adolescence

Question 10

cliques vs crowd

Answer 10

clique - 5-7 people who are friends

crowd - several cliques with similar values together (ex. high school)

Question 11

early- vs late-onset type to adolescent delinquency

Answer 11

e - inherit traits that predispose them to aggressiveness

l - start displaying behavior around puberty and show gradual increase from there

Question 12

components in moral development

Answer 12

emotional - feels about things
behavioral - observable/acts on things
cognitive - thinks about things

Question 13

example of biological theory of moral development

Answer 13

with altruism, more likely to help people we are related to

Question 14

freud’s phallic period

Answer 14

boys superego forms during oedipus conflict
- thought as clean
girls superego forms during electra conflict

Question 15

stages of moral reasoning (piaget)

Answer 15

moral realism (4-7 years)
- focus on rules as unchanging
- not much understanding of intention
- belief in immanent justice

morality of reciprocity (10 yrs and up)
- understand rules can be changed
- understand intention

Question 16

immanent justice

Answer 16

think if you do something bad then something bad that happens to you is an effect/”karma”

ex) if you steal something then fall down stairs, one caused the other

Question 17

story with moral reasoning (piaget)

Answer 17

phillip wants a cookie, mom says no but takes one anyway, breaking one cup in the process

john is called for dinner, opens the door and breaks 12 cups in the process

who is more guilty? children in moral realism will say john as he broke more cups while children in morality of reciprocity will say phillip as he disobeyed mom

Question 18

moral reasoning is thought to be stronger in ____ than _____, stressed ….

Answer 18

boys than girls; stressed importance of peers

Question 19

girls vs. boys in moral reasoning

Answer 19

boys: worked out problems
girls: re-did problems/started over

Question 20

how did Kohlberg assess moral reasoning?

Answer 20

using series of moral dilemmas

Question 21

Heinz dilemma

Answer 21

if your wife was dying and there was a drug that could save her but you couldn’t afford it, would you let her die or steal the drug

Question 22

kohlberg’s stages

Answer 22

hierarchical, some don’t pass stage 1!

1) pre-conventional
2) conventional
3) principled

Question 23

Pre-conventional stage

Answer 23

obedience punishment
- ppl behave morally b/c don’t want to face consequences

market place
- this for that? behave morally (or not) for something they receive in return

Question 24

conventional stage

Answer 24

good girl/good boy
- value of what friends/family think of you

social order maintaining
- all about rules, recognized you shouldn’t go against them

Question 25

principled stage

Answer 25

social contract
- focused on rules but understand people can make/change rules

individual principles
- don’t care what others think about you due to internalized rules/high morals

Question 26

Gilligan’s view of moral reasoning

Answer 26

believed moral reasoning and behavior are related at the higher levels of moral thinking (later stages of piaget and kohlbergs)

Question 27

other factors affecting moral behavior

Answer 27

emotionality (emotions factor in)
personal history (family/friend reaction)
pay-off (what’s riding on it/get from it)

Question 28

gilligan vs. kohlberg

Answer 28

gilligan had real world decisions and stated there was no difference in gender/superiority

Question 29

cliques in early vs. later adolescence

Answer 29

early is same sex, later is mixed

Question 30

parenting types that influence type of clique/crowd adolescents join

Answer 30

authoritarian and permissive: rebel and join non-conventional crowds (ex. stoners)

authoritative: conventional crowds (ex. jocks, theatre, etc.)

Question 31

floaters

Answer 31

people accepted into multiple crowds

Question 32

hierarchy of crowds

Answer 32

top:
- jocks

middle:
- fine arts
- brains
- stoners

bottom:
- emo
- anime

Question 33

why do we fear “loners”

Answer 33

rise in school shootings

Question 34

did academic anxiety increase or decrease revolving around crowds/cliques in the past years?

Answer 34

increase

Question 35

what three things is identity committed to?

Answer 35

ideological stance
vocation (career)
sexual orientation

Question 36

erikson stages

Answer 36

trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
identity vs. role confusion
intimacy vs. isolation
generatively vs. stagnation
ego integrity vs. despair

Question 37

trust vs. mistrust

Answer 37

first year, building trust/relationships

Question 38

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

Answer 38

1-3 yrs

develop self from parent

Question 39

initiative vs. guilt

Answer 39

3-5

do things themselves/initiators

Question 40

industry vs. inferiority

Answer 40

6-puberty

about school success and how you achieve industry if good in school

Question 41

identity vs. role confusion

Answer 41

10-20

run through stages again then construct who you are, need supportive family/system

Question 42

intimacy vs. isolation

Answer 42

20’s-30’s

after determining who you are, determine who you want to have relationships with (platonic or romantic)

Question 43

generatively vs. stagnation

Answer 43

40’s-50’s

guiding kids or sense of giving back to the community

stagnation = stereotypical mid-life crisis

Question 44

ego integrity vs. despair

Answer 44

60’s and on

go through all stages again and think back on life

if you can accept it, you have ego integrity but if you can’t you go through despair and are afraid to die