Chapter 7 Flashcards
what section of Piaget’s stages are we focused on
preoperations
semiotic function
using one thing to represent something else (ex. in pretend play)
develops in 2-3 yr olds
what section of vygotsky are we focused on
historical
piaget’s theory of drawing is
psychologically favored
stages in piagets theory of drawing
synthetic incapacity
intellectual realism
visual realism
synthetic incapacity
understand simple relationships but don’t have a system
hard to draw more than one thing
drew tadpole with arms and legs
intellectual realism
draw what they know, not what they see
visual realism
draw what they see
what theory opposed piaget’s theory of drawing
hagen’s
hagen’s theory
no development (thought we didn’t have to learn to read photos)
gibson-ian (view world through mathematical/visual gradients)
metric; affine; projective
metric
straight lines, parallel lines, conserved angles
no sense of depth
ex. ancient egypt
affine
straight lines, parallel lines, no angles conserved
vanishing point present, looking from below/down into
ex. Japanese art
projective
straight lines, no parallel lines or conserved angles
converging lines = give closeness like you are in painting
ex. Da Vinci
what has been proven in terms of theories of drawing?
appears to be development (disagree w/ hagen) but also discrete stages (disagree w/ piaget)
DTP
diphtheria
- bacterial, serious, 50% fatality rate, heart/CNS
problems
tetanus
- “lock-jaw”, muscle spasm/rigid muscles, 30%
fatality, present in soil
pertusis
- whooping cough, contagious, 50:10,000 fatality rate,
strider/trouble breathing
MMR
measles
- virus w/ severe rash, air-borne/contagious, 1;1000
hospitalized, 1:3000 die, common in young children
and older ppl
mumps
- infects carotid/swells, painful flu-like symptoms,
rarely can cause infection in testes=infertility
rubella
- flu-like symptoms, before vaccine=yearly outbreak
in 5-9 yr olds, teratogenic, can cause hearing/brain
damage
IPV
Polio
eradicated from US
causes permanent paralysis
HIB
flu/causes significant complications (brain inflammation/damage, seizures)
vaccine in 80’s, 98% decrease in US
Hepatitis B
liver infection caused by virus
bodily fluid contact=infection
targets liver, 1:4 have serious liver problems
sexually transmitted but needles can be cause as well
acute: get it but get over it
chronic: liver cancer/failure
Hepatitis A
liver, transmitted through fecal oral (hands not washed when preparing food)
less likely to become chronic
Chicken Pox
herpes virus, highly contagious
rash, raised yellow center/pimples, itchy, open=infection
flu-like symptoms, dehydration, complication = pneumonia, low fatality, more dangerous in adults
lurks in body, reemergence as shingles
chicken pox parties (to get it over with)
Flu/influenza
different strains, 36,000 deaths/yr
mostly in elderly patients
complications: pneumonia, respiratory + digestive symptoms, dehydration
quarantine 2020 = decrease in flu cases
Pneumococcal
bacteria, coughing + sneezing
complication = meningitis
OM caused by pneumococcal bacteria
children receive _______ by the time they go to school
25-30 vaccinations
is there a link between ASD and MMR?
nope! wakefield study retracted
cognitive dissonance
situation w/ conflicting sources of info and don’t know what to do
confirmation bias
tendency to favor info that confirms beliefs
dunning kruger effect
people think their own “research” on the topic makes them smarter than PhD/doctors
survivorship
concentrating on the people that survived a disease rather than all those that died
“I had COVID, it’s not that bad”
illusory correlation
seeing a relationship that doesn’t exist
ex. MMR = ASD
omission bias
the belief that the disease is less risky than the vaccination
neglect of probability
tend to ignore probability
“vaccinated people can catch and spread diseases just like the unvaccinated”
_____ show certain cognitive advantages, maybe because their brains are less strongly lateralized
left-handed individuals
cerebellum
aids in balance and control of body movements
reticular formation
structure in brain stem that maintains alertness and consciousness
amygdala
processes novelty and emotional information
hippocampus
memory
corpus callosum
connects the two hemispheres of your brain
helps process multi-step tasks and coordinated movements with both sides of body
pituitary gland, GH, TSH
release 2 hormones that promote growth
GH- development for all bodily tissues
TSH- tells thyroid to release thyroxine from brain development and for GH to have full impact
mothers who pressured their child to eat were more likely to have a(n) _______ child
underweight
fine motor progress is measured by
1) children’s care for their own bodies
2) drawings and paintings their child makes
drawing progress sequences in textbook
1) scribbles
2) first representational forms
3) more realistic drawings
why are children from asian cultures advanced in drawing skills?
they benefit from adult guidances
carefully taught artistic knowledge and techniques
spend more time focusing on fine motor skills in early schooling
3 educational principles derived from piagets theory
discovery learning
sensitivity to children’s readiness to learn
acceptance of individual differences
unlike western children, Yucatec Mayan children can
sit for long periods of time
- watching adults do work
respond positively to chores
by the age of 5 can take responsibility for tasks not assigned
not until age 5 do children start to _____
plan ahead (effectively, like in the Molly/kangaroo situation mentioned in text)
episodic memory
memory for everyday experiences
semantic memory
info removed from original context that has been embedded in your general knowledge base
autobiographical memory
personally meaningful, one-time events
metacognition
thinking about thought
emergent literacy
children’s active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences
2 hypothesis with autism
1) Autism impairs executive function
2) ppl w/ autism display a peculiar style of info processing, processing parts rather than the whole
Autism and theory of mind findings
autism is due to an impairment in an innate, core function that leaves the child unable to detect other’s mental states
phonological awareness
ability to reflect on and manipulate the sounds structure of spoken language
there is a ____ gap in emergent literacy development due to SES
big
cardinality
the last number in a counting sequence indicates the quantity of items in a set
so if a child is counting and ends off on the # 10, they counted 10 #’s
sesame street is associated with
gains in early literacy and math skills
fast-mapping
connecting new words with an underlying concept after only brief encounter
