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Dev Psych 220 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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1
Q

what section of Piaget’s stages are we focused on

A

preoperations

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2
Q

semiotic function

A

using one thing to represent something else (ex. in pretend play)

develops in 2-3 yr olds

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3
Q

what section of vygotsky are we focused on

A

historical

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4
Q

piaget’s theory of drawing is

A

psychologically favored

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5
Q

stages in piagets theory of drawing

A

synthetic incapacity
intellectual realism
visual realism

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6
Q

synthetic incapacity

A

understand simple relationships but don’t have a system

hard to draw more than one thing

drew tadpole with arms and legs

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7
Q

intellectual realism

A

draw what they know, not what they see

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8
Q

visual realism

A

draw what they see

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9
Q

what theory opposed piaget’s theory of drawing

A

hagen’s

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10
Q

hagen’s theory

A

no development (thought we didn’t have to learn to read photos)

gibson-ian (view world through mathematical/visual gradients)

metric; affine; projective

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11
Q

metric

A

straight lines, parallel lines, conserved angles

no sense of depth

ex. ancient egypt

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12
Q

affine

A

straight lines, parallel lines, no angles conserved

vanishing point present, looking from below/down into

ex. Japanese art

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13
Q

projective

A

straight lines, no parallel lines or conserved angles

converging lines = give closeness like you are in painting

ex. Da Vinci

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14
Q

what has been proven in terms of theories of drawing?

A

appears to be development (disagree w/ hagen) but also discrete stages (disagree w/ piaget)

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15
Q

DTP

A

diphtheria
- bacterial, serious, 50% fatality rate, heart/CNS
problems

tetanus
- “lock-jaw”, muscle spasm/rigid muscles, 30%
fatality, present in soil

pertusis
- whooping cough, contagious, 50:10,000 fatality rate,
strider/trouble breathing

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16
Q

MMR

A

measles
- virus w/ severe rash, air-borne/contagious, 1;1000
hospitalized, 1:3000 die, common in young children
and older ppl

mumps
- infects carotid/swells, painful flu-like symptoms,
rarely can cause infection in testes=infertility

rubella
- flu-like symptoms, before vaccine=yearly outbreak
in 5-9 yr olds, teratogenic, can cause hearing/brain
damage

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17
Q

IPV

A

Polio

eradicated from US

causes permanent paralysis

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18
Q

HIB

A

flu/causes significant complications (brain inflammation/damage, seizures)

vaccine in 80’s, 98% decrease in US

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19
Q

Hepatitis B

A

liver infection caused by virus

bodily fluid contact=infection

targets liver, 1:4 have serious liver problems

sexually transmitted but needles can be cause as well

acute: get it but get over it
chronic: liver cancer/failure

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20
Q

Hepatitis A

A

liver, transmitted through fecal oral (hands not washed when preparing food)

less likely to become chronic

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21
Q

Chicken Pox

A

herpes virus, highly contagious

rash, raised yellow center/pimples, itchy, open=infection

flu-like symptoms, dehydration, complication = pneumonia, low fatality, more dangerous in adults

lurks in body, reemergence as shingles

chicken pox parties (to get it over with)

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22
Q

Flu/influenza

A

different strains, 36,000 deaths/yr

mostly in elderly patients

complications: pneumonia, respiratory + digestive symptoms, dehydration

quarantine 2020 = decrease in flu cases

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23
Q

Pneumococcal

A

bacteria, coughing + sneezing

complication = meningitis

OM caused by pneumococcal bacteria

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24
Q

children receive _______ by the time they go to school

A

25-30 vaccinations

25
Q

is there a link between ASD and MMR?

A

nope! wakefield study retracted

26
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

situation w/ conflicting sources of info and don’t know what to do

27
Q

confirmation bias

A

tendency to favor info that confirms beliefs

28
Q

dunning kruger effect

A

people think their own “research” on the topic makes them smarter than PhD/doctors

29
Q

survivorship

A

concentrating on the people that survived a disease rather than all those that died

“I had COVID, it’s not that bad”

30
Q

illusory correlation

A

seeing a relationship that doesn’t exist

ex. MMR = ASD

31
Q

omission bias

A

the belief that the disease is less risky than the vaccination

32
Q

neglect of probability

A

tend to ignore probability

“vaccinated people can catch and spread diseases just like the unvaccinated”

33
Q

_____ show certain cognitive advantages, maybe because their brains are less strongly lateralized

A

left-handed individuals

34
Q

cerebellum

A

aids in balance and control of body movements

35
Q

reticular formation

A

structure in brain stem that maintains alertness and consciousness

36
Q

amygdala

A

processes novelty and emotional information

37
Q

hippocampus

A

memory

38
Q

corpus callosum

A

connects the two hemispheres of your brain

helps process multi-step tasks and coordinated movements with both sides of body

39
Q

pituitary gland, GH, TSH

A

release 2 hormones that promote growth

GH- development for all bodily tissues

TSH- tells thyroid to release thyroxine from brain development and for GH to have full impact

40
Q

mothers who pressured their child to eat were more likely to have a(n) _______ child

A

underweight

41
Q

fine motor progress is measured by

A

1) children’s care for their own bodies
2) drawings and paintings their child makes

42
Q

drawing progress sequences in textbook

A

1) scribbles
2) first representational forms
3) more realistic drawings

43
Q

why are children from asian cultures advanced in drawing skills?

A

they benefit from adult guidances

carefully taught artistic knowledge and techniques

spend more time focusing on fine motor skills in early schooling

44
Q

3 educational principles derived from piagets theory

A

discovery learning

sensitivity to children’s readiness to learn

acceptance of individual differences

45
Q

unlike western children, Yucatec Mayan children can

A

sit for long periods of time
- watching adults do work

respond positively to chores

by the age of 5 can take responsibility for tasks not assigned

46
Q

not until age 5 do children start to _____

A

plan ahead (effectively, like in the Molly/kangaroo situation mentioned in text)

47
Q

episodic memory

A

memory for everyday experiences

48
Q

semantic memory

A

info removed from original context that has been embedded in your general knowledge base

49
Q

autobiographical memory

A

personally meaningful, one-time events

50
Q

metacognition

A

thinking about thought

51
Q

emergent literacy

A

children’s active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences

52
Q

2 hypothesis with autism

A

1) Autism impairs executive function
2) ppl w/ autism display a peculiar style of info processing, processing parts rather than the whole

53
Q

Autism and theory of mind findings

A

autism is due to an impairment in an innate, core function that leaves the child unable to detect other’s mental states

54
Q

phonological awareness

A

ability to reflect on and manipulate the sounds structure of spoken language

55
Q

there is a ____ gap in emergent literacy development due to SES

A

big

56
Q

cardinality

A

the last number in a counting sequence indicates the quantity of items in a set

so if a child is counting and ends off on the # 10, they counted 10 #’s

57
Q

sesame street is associated with

A

gains in early literacy and math skills

58
Q

fast-mapping

A

connecting new words with an underlying concept after only brief encounter

Dev Psych 220 (15 decks)

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