Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood (Ch. 13) Flashcards
biological aging/senescence
once body structures reach maximum efficiency
genetically influenced declines in the functioning of organs and systems that are universal in all members of our species
_____ runs in families, but rather than length in life people inherit ____________
longevity, risk and protective factors
telomeres
located at ends of chromosomes
serve as a “cap” on ends to prevent destruction
what happens if telomeres deteriorate quickly?
fast deterioration: unhealthy behaviors
slow deterioration: healthy behaviors/longevity of life
what theory is the telomere research apart of?
programmed effects on specific genes
free radicals
naturally occurring and highly reactive chemicals that form in the presence of oxygen
contribute to cell disease and cancers
cross-linkage theory of aging
over time, protein fibers in the body connect with on another, leading to loss of flexibility in skin and organs
speed of running peaks in ages
20-35
epistemic cognition
reflections on how we arrived at facts, beliefs and ideas
dualistic thinking
dividing information and values into right and wrong/good and bad
common in young students
relativistic thinking
give up possibility of absolute truth in favor of multiple truths
common in older adults
commitment within relativistic thinking
instead of picking on side or another, form opinion based on your beliefs
most mature adults
tackling real-world challenges contributes to gains in
epistemic cognition
pragmatic thought
logic becomes a tool for solving real-world problems
cognitive-affective complexity
Labouvie-Vief
coordinating conflicting positive and negative feelings into organized structure that allows for recognition in uniqueness in individual experiences
3 periods of selecting a vocation
fantasy (early/middle childhood)
tentative (11-16)
realistic (late teens/early 20’s)
vocational choice factors
personality
teachers
family
gender stereotypes
impact of 1948 interviews
supported/embraced men’s answers of homosexuality while horrified by women’s answers of homosexuality
Kinsey scale
6 different possibilities ranging from fully heterosexual to fully homosexual
storm’s eroticism scale
4 boxes consisting of homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual and asexual
fritz klein’s sexual orientation grid
many boxes to check off as sexuality is complex
ranges from past, present and ideal actions/preferences
gender segregation
when choosing jobs, chose/segregate by gender
gender stratefication
when careers appear even but segregated by specialization (men in more complex that make more money)
at Binghamton/other universities, there are more women in _____ positions
adjunct/lecturer (temporary)
psychoanalytic theory of sexual orientation
everyone starts bisexual, develops during the phallic period
how parents interact with kids/ask “what did I do wrong”
social learning theory of sexual orientation
role models are important for LGBTQIA+ kids
classical/operant conditioning
social construction theory of sexual orientation
rejects biological essentialism
different cultures have different shared assumptions/categories are socially constructed based on our shared assumptions
essentialism vs reductionalism
e - reducing a complex idea to its foundation
r - reduce to prime/basic level
brain (LeVay)
took brains of people who passed from AIDS and looked at the hypothalamus
gay men had smaller hypothalamus than straight men and proved different flight or fight response in amygdala
genetics with sexuality
found in 2004 study to be adaptive, females in families with gay men had more children
Bell social learning
conclusion hinted at possibility of a biological basis for sexual orientation
link to gender non-conformity
who are more likely to be left-handed
gay men and lesbians
who is more likely to have a counter-clockwise hair whorl?
gay men
adams, wright and lohr penile plethysmograth
put gauge on penis of men who either were classified as highly homophobia and not homophobia, showed them porn with men-women, women-women, and men-men
results: homophobic men were aroused at all porn while non-homophobic men were aroused for all but men-men
who is the only group that are not ok with casual sex?
exclusively straight women
biological birth order effect
each additional older brother increases chances of being gay
each birth increases effects of internal immunization of HY antigens that cross placental barrier and influence sexuality
EBE theory (BEM)
Exotic becomes erotic
mid-childhood kids start playing with same sex gender
found boys who hung out with girls and were more feminine in childhood have gay sexual orientation later in life
asexuality
lack of sexual attraction to others
AVEN
asexuality visibility and education network
goal: create acceptance and facilitate growth in asexual community
infidelity
cheating on spouse
16% have committed it, more men
decrease percent when under 30 + no gender difference
micro-cheating
engaging in betrayal of spouse but no sex (ex. watching porn, sexting, etc.)
DRD4 gene
impulse control problems are possessed with this gene
ppl w/ gene: increase in extra-relationship activity
polyamory
consenting relationships with more than 1 person
CNS = consensual non-monogamy
swinging
short-term sexual relation with many other people
___% of gay male relationships are open
60
