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Dev Psych 220 > Middle Adulthood (Ch. 15/16) > Flashcards

Middle Adulthood (Ch. 15/16) Flashcards

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1
Q

the climacteric

A

midlife transition (when fertility declines)

men: reproductive capacity diminishes
women: reproductive capacity comes to an end

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2
Q

our culture has viewed menopause as a ________ rather than a ________

A

disease; natural process

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3
Q

menopause

A

when ovulation/period comes to a stop

three stages:

perimenopausal, menopause, postmenopausal (don’t have period for a year, ovulation becomes sporadic)

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4
Q

signs of menopause

A

cessation of periods/sporadic ovulation

hot flashes
- racing heart, flushed face, similar symptoms of a panic attack/loss of control

vaginal changes
- thinning of vaginal wall and dryness, sex can become painful

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5
Q

HRT and controversy

A

hormone replacement therapy

solution to menopause/its symptoms, marketed as fountain of youth

developed it from pregnant horse urine

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6
Q

advantages to HRT

A

short term management of severe discomfort
may reduce risk of osteoporosis (lose of bone density)
may reduce risk of colon cancer

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7
Q

disadvantages of HRT

A

increase risk of:
- endometrial (uterus lining) cancer
- breast cancer
- heart disease (thought to reduce this before 2003)
- stroke (thought to reduce this before 2003)
- dementia (thought to reduce this before 2003)

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8
Q

HRT is still used for ________, but avoid use for women with _______

A

hot flashes w/ women @ risk for osteoporosis; history of breast cancer/women over 60 yrs of age

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9
Q

when to get first mammogram?

A

low risk: mid 40’s
high risk: 40

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10
Q

1:___ women get breast cancer

A

8

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11
Q

what vaccination is decreasing the need for the pap test/annual screening/prevalence for cervical cancer

A

HPV

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12
Q

what age do men see a decrease in quantity of sperm/semen

A

40

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13
Q

viagra/cialis

A

v: produced accidentally but then largely marketed, opened up conversation about this problem

c: insurance paid for this but not BC, caused uproar

both usually have no/less severe side effects

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14
Q

how to prevent ED for men

A

stop smoking/limit alcohol
see doctor regularly
exercise regularly
take steps to reduce stress
get help for anxiety, depression, etc.

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15
Q

who believed in a mid-life crisis and who didn’t? what idea does research support?

A

did: levinson
didn’t: vaillant

research supports vaillant, thought to be a metamorphosis not crisis

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16
Q

levinson’s seasons of life

A

coincided with erikson’s stages
importance of mentorship
showed men settle into adult roles faster than women

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17
Q

vaillant’s adaption to life

A

built around erikson as well
- intimacy - 20’s
- career - 30’s
- generative/contributing to families - 40’s
- keepers of meaning/traditions - 50’s and 60’s
- spiritual and reflective - 70’s

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18
Q

(t/f): sex is not important in the lives of the elderly

A

false

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19
Q

how does aging affect sexuality?

A

men: ED
women: menopause
both: chronic pain and other body images

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20
Q

______% of older adults are sexually active and experience a ______ satisfaction with sexual activity

A

70-80; higher

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21
Q

women prefer ___ partners while men prefer ____ partners

A

older; younger

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22
Q

older unmarried women are _____ sexually active than older married women

A

less

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23
Q

cohort effect

A

there are more older women than men, which impacts sexuality later in life

24
Q

presbyopia

A

“old eyes”

25
Q

middle-aged adults are at an increased risk of glaucoma, which is

A

a disease where poor fluid drainage leads to buildup of pressure within the eye resulting in optic nerve damage

26
Q

presbycusis

A

“old hearing”

27
Q

which gender is more likely to have a decline in hearing first, and why?

A

men; intense noise in some male-dominated occupations

28
Q

3 layers of skin

A

epidermis (outer)
dermis (supportive middle)
hypodermis (fatty later)

29
Q

what is the term for people who gain weight in middle adulthood?

A

middle-age spread

30
Q

where (w/ both genders) do you see more fat in middle adulthood?

A

men - back and upper abs
women - waist and upper arms

31
Q

what causes middle aged adults to start to become shorter?

A

loss of bone strength = disks in spinal column to collapse

32
Q

what race is more welcoming of menopause and seem to experience less moodiness and irritability during this tranisition?

A

african-american women

33
Q

what was different about the Okinawan people before WWII that caused them to have higher lifespans?

A

their restrictive diet!

34
Q

what types of episodes are seen to rise during menopause?

A

depressive

35
Q

hormone therapy is basically ________, with two types:

A

low daily doses of estrogen; estrogen alone (ERT) and estrogen + progesterone (HRT)

36
Q

difference between ERT and HRT

A

HRT is known to lessen risk (in comparison) of endometrium cancer

37
Q

what generation seems to be more accepting of menopause?

A

baby-boom

38
Q

Yucatan women’s view on menopause

A

free from childbearing, describe it as “being happy” and “free like a young girl again”

39
Q

what diminishes in midlife due to physical changes of the climacteric

A

the intensity of sexual response

40
Q

highest percentage of cancers in men and women with high SES

A

men: prostate
women: breast

41
Q

highest percentage of cancers in men and women with low SES

A

both: lung and stomach

42
Q

how do people consider to be “cured” of cancer?

A

free of the disease for 5 years or longer

43
Q

what gender is more likely to be at risk for osteoporosis?

A

women

44
Q

type A behavior pattern

A

extreme competitiveness, hostility, ambition, etc.

twice as likely to develop heart disease

45
Q

expressed hostility predicts…

A

greater chances for heart disease

46
Q

what three personal qualities create hardiness (helps with stress management)

A

control
commitment
challenge

47
Q

when looking at verbal ability scores, what type of study proved to be stable and what study declined?

A

stable: longitudinal
decline: cross-sectional

48
Q

top 3 life regrets people have

A

romance
family
education

49
Q

crystallized vs fluid intelligence

A

c- depends on accumulated knowledge and experience

f- depends on more basic information-processing skills

50
Q

what is a vital source of resilience?

A

having to grapple with occasional adverse life events

51
Q

what does modest lifetime adversity predict in french adults?

A

reduced:
overall distress
functional impairment
PTSD

greater life satisfaction

52
Q

4 tasks each adult needs to confront according to levinson

A

young-old
destruction-creation
masculinity-femininity
engagement-separateness

53
Q

vaillants adaption to life according to erikson

A

concerned with passing the torch

54
Q

what factors promote well-being in midlife?

A

good health and exercise
sense of control and personal life investment
positive social relationships
a good marriage
mastery of multiple roles

55
Q

feminization of poverty

A

a trend in which women who support themselves or their families have become the majority of the adult population living in poverty

56
Q

kinkeeper

A

gathering the family for celebrations and making sure everyone stays in touch

57
Q

skipped generation families

A

when grandparents live with grandkids but without their parents

most find it rewarding

Dev Psych 220 (15 decks)

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