Photosynthesis

Question 1

What is photosynthesis? And what is its equation?

Answer 1

The process by which light energy is used to make glucose, the equation is 6Co2+6H20=C6H12O2+6H20+6O2

Question 2

Describe the structure of chloroplasts

Answer 2

It is an organelle enclosed by a double membrane, it contains grana(consists of layer of membranes called thylakoids) and is where the light-dependent reactions occur. And has the stroma where the Calvin cycle(light-independent reactions) occur

Question 3

What are photosynthetic pigments and what are the 3 main accessory pigments?

Answer 3

Photosynthetic pigments absorb light and use it to carry out photosynthesis. The 3 antennae are chlorophyll B, carotenoids, and phycobilins

Question 4

What are the 2 main process of photosynthesis and what do they produce?

Answer 4

Light-dependent reactions-ATP
Light-independent reactions-PGAL which is a three carbon sugar

Question 5

Summarize light-dependent reactions

Answer 5

ATP is produced in chloroplasts by ETCs and chemiosomosis, electrons become energized and escape from chlorophyll and into a ETC, energy from this pumps protons through thylakoid membrane and creates a proton gradient, potential energy is converted into ATP as protons flow through a ATP synthase.
Light->chlorophyll->energized electrons->ETC->proton gradient->ATP synthase channels

Question 6

How does water replace electrons that escape from chlorophyll ?

Answer 6

Water breaks down into electrons protons and oxygen by a process called photolysis

Question 7

Summarize light-independent reactions

Answer 7

Co2 which the plants takes in, combines with protons and electrons carried by NADH to produce PGAL.
Co2+electron+proton=PGAL

Question 8

What is carbon fixation and when does it occur?

Answer 8

Incorporation of carbon dioxide into a sugar molecule, happens during the Calvin cycle

Question 9

What enzyme does the Calvin cycle require and does it need a large amount of ATP?

Answer 9

Rubisco(ribulose phosphate), yes it needs a lot of ATP which is produces during light-dependent reactions

Question 10

Compare cell respiration and photosynthesis

Answer 10

Question 11

Describe the spongy mesophyll, epidermis layer, and guard cells

Answer 11

The spongy layer Carries out photosynthesis and allow exchange of O,Co2 and water.
The epidermis layer protects the cells below and allows light to pass through
Guard cells control the closing and opening of the stomates, which allow exchange of gases with minimal water loss