Cell Respiration Flashcards
Define cell respiration and state its equation
Is a series of oxidative reactions by which cells release energy stored in glucose and create ATP, the equation is C6H12O6+6O2=6Co2+6H20+energy
What does ATP consist of, and how is it related to ADP
ATP is made from adenosine(ribose+adenine) and 3 phosphates, ADP=ATP-1phosphate
Describe the structure of mitochondria
Mitochondria has a inner membrane called cristae where the ETC takes place, and the matrix where the Krebs cycle takes place
Describe the entirety of the glycolysis process
It is the anaerobic phase and occurs in the cytoplasm, it breaks down a glucose molecule in half producing pyruvate. It uses 2 ATP but produces 4, it also produces 2NADH.
1glucose+2ATP=2pyruvate+4ATP+2NADH
Summarize the citric acid cycle
It is the first stage of the anaerobic phase of cellular respiration, occurs in the matrix. Pyruvate combines with Co enzyme A to form Acetyl-CoA which enters the Krebs cycle, each turn produces 1 ATP 1FADH 3NADH and Co2 as by product
What are NADH and FADH
They are coenzymes that shuttle protons and electrons from glycolysis and Krebs cycle into the ETC, their oxidized forms are NAD* and FAD+, NADH=3ATP while FADH=2ATP
Summarize the electron transport chain
The energy from the electrons that the coenzymes bring, when brought through the ETC powers the pumping of protons through the cristae from the matrix to the outer compartment against a gradient, the gradient is maintained because protons can only flow back through ATP synthase channels
How do cells produce energy by chemiosmosis
When energy flows through ATP synthase channels their potential energy is transferred into kinetic then into ATP
Describe when lactic acid and alcohol fermentation occur and why
They occur in anaerobic respiration after glycolysis, alcohol fermentation is the process when cells converts pyruvate into ethly alcohol and carbons dioxide, lactic acid fermentation occurs when the body cannot keep up with the demand of oxygen, acids form and build in the muscle causing a burning sensation
