Cell Division Flashcards
What are the two types of cell division and in which cells do they occur
Meiosis- occurs in sexual reproductive animals, produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes of the parent, (n) haploid
Mitosis- function in the growth and repair of body cells, produces genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes
What are the centromere and sister chromatids
Centromere- region that holds the two sister chromatids together
Sister chromatids- a replicated chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids
What is the G-zero phase, what are stem cells
G-Zero-When a cell permanently loses the ability to replicate
Stem cells- come from human embryos, have the ability to infinitely divide
What are the two types of regulators in cell division
Internal- makes sure the cell doesn’t undergo mitosis until certain conditions are met
External- speed up, slow down, or even stopping
Describe the process of mitosis, (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)
Prophase- centrioles migrate to opposite poles, nuclear membrane disappears
Metaphase- chromosomes line up in single file on the equator, spindle fibers from the centrosomes to the centromeres
Anaphase- the chromosomes are pulled apart
Telophase- the nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes return to their original form
How does cytokinesis differ in plants from in animals
Is the division of cytoplasm, in animals a cleavage furrow forms between divided cells. In plants, a cell plate forms between divided plant cells
Describe meiosis 1 and 2
It is a reduction division, synapses is the paring of homologous chromosomes, crossing over is when the homologous pair exchange genetic material.
Prophase1- crossing- over and synapses
Metaphase1- chromosomes line up on the equator
Anaphase1- separation
Metaphase2- line up on the equator again
Anaphase2- chromosomes separate
Result is 4 haploid (n) gametes
