Evolution Flashcards
What is microevolution and macroevolution
Micro- change in the gene pool over generations
Macro- the formation of a new species
Name 6 study’s that support evolution
1: fossil record
2: comparative anatomy
3: comparative biochemistry
4:comparative embryology
5:molecular biology
6: biogeography
Describe Homologous and Analogous and vestigial structures
Homologous- different in function but same bone structure, ex of divergent evolution
Analogous- same function but different bone structure, ex of convergent
Vestigial- appendix
What is the Pangea
About 250 years ago, all continents were locked together and were called a Pangea, which slowly separated over time
What is the essence of Darwin’s natural selection theory
-population tend to over populate
-overpopulation causes competition
-survival of the fittest
-in any population their is unequal ability to survive
What are the types of natural selection and how do they differ
Stabilizing- favors the many over the few
Disruptive- favors the few over the many
Directional-when one phenotype replaces the other
What are the three sources of variation in a population
Gene flow
Mutation
Genetic drift
Describe they bottle neck and the founder effect
Bottle neck- when a natural disaster reduces the size of a population resulting in loss of genetic variation, some genes may be over represented
Founder effect- when a part of a population breaks of and inhibits a new area, rare alleles may be over represented
Is the population is stable what must be true according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
1-population must be very large
2-mating must be random
3-must be isolated
4-no natural selection
5-no mutations
What are the six forms of isolation
1- habitat isolation
2-reproductive isolation
3-geographical isolation
4-polyploidy
5-temporal isolation
6-behavioral isolation
Describe the divergent, convergent, parallel, coevolution, and adaptive radiation
Divergent- two new species
Convergent-when 2 unrelated species make the same adaptations
Parallel- when 2 related species make similar adaptations after the divergence of a common ancestor
Coevolution- mutual adaptation of two interacting species
Adaptive radiation- numerous species emerge from a common ancestor
What is the heterotroph hypothesis
States that the first cells on earth were anaerobic heterotrophic prokaryotes
Define the Permian and the Cretaceous extinctions
Permian- series of volcanic eruptions that covered a area the size of Europe, and increased the temperature by 6 degrees C
Cretaceous- a large asteroid crashed into the earth, blocking sunlight for months and the demise of may plant life
