Human Physiology

Question 1

Describe the mouth during digestion

Answer 1

Chemical and mechanical digestion occur, salivary amylase digests starch, different shaped teeth and tongue start mechanical digestion

Question 2

Describe the stomach during digestion

Answer 2

Ph of 2-3, chemical and mechanical digestion occur, cardiac and pyloric sphincter keeps the food in the stomach until digestion finishes

Question 3

Describe the small intestine during digestion

Answer 3

Ph of 8, all digestion is complete here, the intestinal enzymes here are amylase, lipases, peptidases, nucleases. Has villus with absorbs amino acids and monosaccharides, and lacteal which absorbs glycerol and fatty acids

Question 4

Describe the liver and its function

Answer 4

Produces bile, detoxifies blood, breakdown RBC

Question 5

What does the gallbladder do

Answer 5

Store bile produces from the liver

Question 6

What is the function of pancreas

Answer 6

Produces intestinal enzymes, produces sodium bicarbonate, creates insulin.

Question 7

What are the function of the colon

Answer 7

Egestion- removal of metabolic wastes

Vitamin production- create VitK create VitB

Reabsorption- absorption of water from the intestine to the body

Question 8

Describe artery’s veins and capillaries

Answer 8

Artery- carries blood away from the heart, made of thick smooth muscle

Vein- carries blood to the heart, has valves

Capillaries- allows for diffusion of blood of nutrients, 1 cell thick

Question 9

Describe plasma, RBC, WBC

Answer 9

Plasma- 90% water, contains hormones, antibodies, and wastes

RBC- erythrocytes, carrie hemoglobin and oxygen, live about 120 days

WBC- leukocytes, fight bacteria, formed in bone marrow

Question 10

What is the sinoatrual node, what is systolic and diastolic pressure

Answer 10

Sinoatial node- heart pace maker, sets time of heart contractions

Systolic- pressure when heart contracts

Diastolic- pressure when heart relaxes

Question 11

State the 14 steps of the pathway of blood through the heart

Answer 11

1: right atrium
2:right valve
3:right ventricle
4:pulmonary valve
5:pulmonary artery
6: Lungs
7:pulmonary vein
8:left atrium
9:left valve
10:left ventricle
11:aortic valve
12:aorta
13: body cells
14: vena cava

Question 12

What are tropic hormones

Answer 12

Hormones that stimulate glands that secrete other hormones to have a long range effect

Question 13

Describe steroidal and non-steroidal hormones

Answer 13

Steroidal or lipid hormones- diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to a receptor

Protein or non-steroidal hormones- bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell

Question 14

Describe the 2 types of feedback mechanisms

Answer 14

Positive- enhances a response
Negative- stops a response

Question 15

Describe the parts of the peripheral nervous systems

Answer 15

Somatic- controls voluntary muscles

Autonomic- controls involuntary muscles

Question 16

Describe the axon and the dendrite

Answer 16

Axons- transmit a impulse, nureon can only have one

Dendrite- receives a impulse, neuron can have hundreds

Question 17

Describe action and resting potential

Answer 17

Resting- is polarized, sodium potassium pump maintains this

Action- wave of polarization reverses the polarity of the membrane, restored in refractory period

Question 18

What organs carry out exertion

Answer 18

Skin, lungs, liver, kidneys

Question 19

How much urine do kidneys produce, how much blood do they filter, from where do they get blood

Answer 19

1.5 liters of urine per day, 1500 liters, renal artery

Question 20

Describe all 4 steps the nephron does do the kidney

Answer 20

Filtration, secretion, reabsorption, and exertion

Question 21

Describe the 3 type of muscle

Answer 21

Smooth/involuntary- makes up the wall of the digestive trac and blood vessels

Skeletal/voluntary- work in pairs

Cardiac- found in the heart