Biochemistry

Question 1

Atoms consist of

Answer 1

1:proton
2:electron
3:neutron

Question 2

What are the 2 types of bonding

Answer 2

Covalent and ionic

Question 3

Which type of bond shares electrons? And which one transfers electrons?

Answer 3

Covalent shares and ionic transfer

Question 4

What are the three types of intermolecular attractions ?

Answer 4

1: polar polar
2: hydrogen
3: non-polar

Question 5

Define water hating and water loving?

Answer 5

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic

Question 6

What are the six characteristics of water?

Answer 6

1: high specific heat
2: high heat of vaporization
3: high adhesion
4: high cohesion
5: is a universal solvent
6: water is more dense that ice

Question 7

What is PH? And what is the normal level in human blood?

Answer 7

Measure of acidity or alkalinity, 7.4 is the normal level in human blood.

Question 8

What are buffers? And which one is the most important in human blood?

Answer 8

Buffers are the substances that resist change in PH, the most important one in human blood is the bicarbonate ion (HCO-3)

Question 9

What do carbohydrates consist of ? and what are the 3 classes of them?

Answer 9

Consist of hydrogen oxygen and carbon
Three classes are mono di and polysaccharide

Question 10

What is the process that connects monosaccharides? And what is the opposite of it?

Answer 10

Dehydration synthesis and the opposite is hydrolysis

Question 11

Give three examples of each of the classes of carbohydrates

Answer 11

Monosaccharides- glucose,galactose,fructose
Disaccharide-maltose,sucrose,lactose
Polysaccharide-cellulose,chitin,glycogen,starch

Question 12

What do lipids include? And what do they consist of?

Answer 12

Fats, oils, and waxes, lipids consist of 1 glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 13

What are the 3 main functions of lipids?

Answer 13

1: energy storage 1g=9cal
2: they are a major component of the cell membrane
3: some are hormones

Question 14

What are proteins?

Answer 14

Proteins are polypeptides consisting of repeated chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. They are responsible for growth and repair, and 1g=4cals

Question 15

What do amino acids consist of?

Answer 15

A carboxyl group (COOH) and a amine group (NH2) and a variable all attached to a central carbon atom.

Question 16

What are the four types of protein structure? What do they results of?

Answer 16

Primary- result from the sequence of amino acids
Secondary- results from hydrogen bonding
Tertiary- directly defines the specificity and function of a protein
Quaternary- are proteins that consist of more than one polypeptide chain

Question 17

Enzymes are

Answer 17

Large proteins, that lower the activation energy required to start a reaction, and works on a chemical called a substrate

Question 18

Enzymes function with the assist of ? And what effects the enzymes efficiency?

Answer 18

Function with the assist of coenzymes and cofactors. PH and temp affects their efficiency

Question 19

When are gastric enzymes and intestinal enzymes more active?

Answer 19

Gastric at low PH
Intestinal at high PH

Question 20

What are prions?

Answer 20

Misfolded proteins that are infectious and cause brain diseases

Question 21

Which nitrogen bases are purines and which are pyrimidines?

Answer 21

Adenine and guanine are purines
Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are pyrimidines

Question 22

What is this

Answer 22

Glycerol

Question 23

What is this

Answer 23

Monosaccharide

Question 24

What is this

Answer 24

Amino acid