Cell Structure

Question 1

What does the cell theory state?

Answer 1

All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells come from preexisting cells

Question 2

How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes ?

Answer 2

Prokaryotes- have no membrane bond organelles, unicellular, smaller in size, contain on chromosome, ribosomes are small, contains plastids, and does not contain microtubules

Question 3

What is the theory of endosymbiosis?

Answer 3

Is that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes that were living in other prokaryotes

Question 4

Define what the nucleus is

Answer 4

Area in the cell that contains chromosomes that are wrapped with proteins called histones, and is surrounded by a selectively permeable double-membrane

Question 5

Define the nucleolus and state it’s function?

Answer 5

Area inside the nucleus, parts of ribosomes are made here

Question 6

Define ribosomes and state there function ?

Answer 6

Made of ribosomal RNA and protein. Site of proteins synthesis

Question 7

Define the endoplasmic reticulum and state its function?

Answer 7

Is a system of membrane channels that traverse the cytoplasm, has 2 parts rough Er which is a site of protein synthesis, and smooth er which has many functions,1: detoxifying the cell 2: makes hormones and other lipids 3: connects rough er to the glogi body

Question 8

Define the Golgi Apparatus and state its function

Answer 8

Consists of flattened sacs of membrane stacked next to each other, modify store and package protein.

Question 9

Define lysosomes and state their functions

Answer 9

Digestive enzymes enclosed by a single membrane, helps break down and recycle the cells, programmed cell death is carried out by digestive enzymes

Question 10

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 10

Site of cell respiration

Question 11

What is the function of Vacuoles/vesicle?

Answer 11

Store substances for the cell

Question 12

State and define all 3 types of plastids

Answer 12

1: chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis and can self replicate
2: leucoplasts: store starc
3: chromoplasts: responsible for the red-orange-yellow coloring of plants, attract pollinating insects

Question 13

State and define the 2 types of cytoskeleton?

Answer 13

1: microtubules: a thick tube that makes up the cilia, flagella and spindle fibers
2: microfilaments: support the shape of the cell and enables: animals to form the cleavage furrow and skeletal muscle to contract

Question 14

Define centrioles and centrosomes

Answer 14

2 centrioles make up a centrosome, they organize spindle fibers

Question 15

What are the differences and similarities of cilia and flagella ?

Answer 15

Both are made of microtubules, but cilia is shorter than flagella. Both consist of 9 pairs of microtubules organized around 2 single microtubules

Question 16

What is the cell wall? We’re is it found ? And what are its types?

Answer 16

Found in plants, made of chitin in fungi, made of cellulose in plants and algae, types are primary and secondary

Question 17

Describe the plasma membrane

Answer 17

Selectively permeable membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell. Described as a fluid mosaic, made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins dispersed inside.

Question 18

State the differences between animal and plants cells

Answer 18

In animal cells there are centrosomes, no plastids, has small vesicles, only a plasma membrane, and lysosomes

Question 19

Define hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic

Answer 19

Hypertonic: having a greater concentration of solute than another solution
Hypotonic: having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
Isotonic: two souls room have equal concentration of solute

Question 20

State and describe the three types of passive transport

Answer 20

1: simple diffusion: movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration
2: facilitated diffusion: relies on proteins to assist in transporting substances across a membrane
3: osmosis: diffusion of water across a membrane

Question 21

Define and describe the 2 types of active transport

Answer 21

Exocytosis-active release of molecules from the cell
Endocytosis-process in which cells take in various molecules

Question 22

What are the 3 types of endocytosis and how do they work

Answer 22

Pinocytosis-uptake of small dissolved molecules
Phagocytosis-uptake of large particles using pseudopods
Receptor mediated-uptake of large specific molecules