Cell Structure Flashcards
What does the cell theory state?
All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells come from preexisting cells
How do prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes ?
Prokaryotes- have no membrane bond organelles, unicellular, smaller in size, contain on chromosome, ribosomes are small, contains plastids, and does not contain microtubules
What is the theory of endosymbiosis?
Is that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes that were living in other prokaryotes
Define what the nucleus is
Area in the cell that contains chromosomes that are wrapped with proteins called histones, and is surrounded by a selectively permeable double-membrane
Define the nucleolus and state it’s function?
Area inside the nucleus, parts of ribosomes are made here
Define ribosomes and state there function ?
Made of ribosomal RNA and protein. Site of proteins synthesis
Define the endoplasmic reticulum and state its function?
Is a system of membrane channels that traverse the cytoplasm, has 2 parts rough Er which is a site of protein synthesis, and smooth er which has many functions,1: detoxifying the cell 2: makes hormones and other lipids 3: connects rough er to the glogi body
Define the Golgi Apparatus and state its function
Consists of flattened sacs of membrane stacked next to each other, modify store and package protein.
Define lysosomes and state their functions
Digestive enzymes enclosed by a single membrane, helps break down and recycle the cells, programmed cell death is carried out by digestive enzymes
What is the function of mitochondria
Site of cell respiration
What is the function of Vacuoles/vesicle?
Store substances for the cell
State and define all 3 types of plastids
1: chloroplasts: site of photosynthesis and can self replicate
2: leucoplasts: store starc
3: chromoplasts: responsible for the red-orange-yellow coloring of plants, attract pollinating insects
State and define the 2 types of cytoskeleton?
1: microtubules: a thick tube that makes up the cilia, flagella and spindle fibers
2: microfilaments: support the shape of the cell and enables: animals to form the cleavage furrow and skeletal muscle to contract
Define centrioles and centrosomes
2 centrioles make up a centrosome, they organize spindle fibers
What are the differences and similarities of cilia and flagella ?
Both are made of microtubules, but cilia is shorter than flagella. Both consist of 9 pairs of microtubules organized around 2 single microtubules
What is the cell wall? We’re is it found ? And what are its types?
Found in plants, made of chitin in fungi, made of cellulose in plants and algae, types are primary and secondary
Describe the plasma membrane
Selectively permeable membrane that controls what enters and leaves the cell. Described as a fluid mosaic, made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins dispersed inside.
State the differences between animal and plants cells
In animal cells there are centrosomes, no plastids, has small vesicles, only a plasma membrane, and lysosomes
Define hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic
Hypertonic: having a greater concentration of solute than another solution
Hypotonic: having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
Isotonic: two souls room have equal concentration of solute
State and describe the three types of passive transport
1: simple diffusion: movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration
2: facilitated diffusion: relies on proteins to assist in transporting substances across a membrane
3: osmosis: diffusion of water across a membrane
Define and describe the 2 types of active transport
Exocytosis-active release of molecules from the cell
Endocytosis-process in which cells take in various molecules
What are the 3 types of endocytosis and how do they work
Pinocytosis-uptake of small dissolved molecules
Phagocytosis-uptake of large particles using pseudopods
Receptor mediated-uptake of large specific molecules
