photosynthesis

Question 1

describe the structure of a leaf

Answer 1

top layer - waxy cuticle
  - upper epidermis
- palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
lower epidermis
Stoma and guard cells

Question 2

how is the waxy cuticle adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 2

WAXY CUTICLE is waterproof to reduce water loss and clear to allow light through

Question 3

how are the upper and lower epidermis layers adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 3

UPPER EPIDERMIS has no chloroplasts so that it is clear and colourless so that light can get through

Question 4

how is the spongy mesophyll adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 4

SPONGY MESOPHYLL have large gaps between cell which increases surface area, allowing for a more rapid diffusion rate

Question 5

how is the spongy mesophyll adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 5

SPONGY MESOPHYLL have large gaps between cell which increases surface area, allowing for a more rapid diffusion rate

Question 6

how are the stomata adapted for photosynthesis

Answer 6

they allow gases to diffuse into the air spaces of the leaf which provides a short diffusion distance for carbon dioxide

Question 7

what do plants require mineral ions for

Answer 7

growth

Question 8

what do plants need nitrates for

Answer 8

making amino acids (then proteins) and DNA

Question 9

what do plants need magnesium for

Answer 9

making chlorophyll

Question 10

what do plants need phosphates for

Answer 10

making nucleic acids (then DNA) and part of cell membrane

Question 11

what is ATP a source of

Answer 11

energy to be able to carry out life processes

Question 12

how is ATP released

Answer 12

through cell respiration

Question 13

how to test for starch in a leaf

Answer 13

iodine solution turning from brown to blue-black

Question 14

what do plants require mineral ions for

Answer 14

growth

Question 15

what do plants require magnesium for

Answer 15

chlorophyll

Question 16

where is bile produced and stored

Answer 16

produced in liver and stored in gall bladder

Question 17

what does the xylem transport

Answer 17

water and mineral ions

Question 18

what is homeostasis

Answer 18

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 19

what are some examples of homeostasis

Answer 19

body water content
body temperature

Question 20

what is the genome

Answer 20

the entire DNA of an organism

Question 21

what is a gene

Answer 21

a short section of a molecule of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 22

where are genes located

Answer 22

in the chromosomes which are contained in the nucleus of the cell

Question 23

what is one adaptation of the ileum

Answer 23

long and covered with villi for surface area to volume ratio for maximum absorption

Question 24

what is the role of the pancreas in digestion

Answer 24

produces all three types of digestive enzyme; amylase, protease and lipase

and secretes them in an alkaline fluid into the duodenum

Question 25

why is the pH of the duodenum slightly alkaline

Answer 25

to neutralise the acidic pH coming out of the stomach

Question 26

how is food moved through the gut

Answer 26

through peristalsis

Question 27

how is peristalsis controlled

Answer 27

by circular and longitudinal muscles

Question 28

what two substances aid the movement of food through the large intestine

Answer 28

mucus - lubrication to reduce friction
dietary fibre - provides the roughage required for the muscles to push against during peristalsis

Question 29

what muscle contractions occur during peristalsis

Answer 29