Kingdoms (From big to small)

Question 1

What are eukaryotes

Answer 1

Organisms whose cells contain a proper nucleus

Question 2

What is the only prokaryotic kingdom

Answer 2

Bacteria

Question 3

What kingdoms are always multicellular

Answer 3

Plants
Animals

Question 4

Are fungi multicellular

Answer 4

Sometimes

Question 5

Are protoctista multicellular

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Are bacteria multicellular

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What are two defining features of the plant kingdom

Answer 7

Chloroplasts
Cellulose cell wall

Question 8

In what two ways do plants store carbohydrates

Answer 8

As starch or sucrose

Question 9

How do animals GAIN energy

Answer 9

By eating other living things to obtain nutrients

Question 10

How do animals store carbohydrates

Answer 10

As glycogen

Question 11

What are the structures in fungi

Answer 11

-consists of threads of cells called hyphae
-whole structure called a mycelium

Question 12

Defining features of the fungi kingdom

Answer 12

No chloroplasts
Chitin cell wall
Many nuclei per (large) cell

Question 13

How do fungi gain their energy

Answer 13

Through saprophytic nutrition

Question 14

How do some fungi reproduce

Answer 14

Mushroom or toadstool

Question 15

How did fungi store carbohydrates

Answer 15

As glycogen

Question 16

How do protoctista gain their energy

Answer 16

Photosynthesis
Feeding on living organisms
Feeding on organic remains

Question 17

defining features of the protoctista kingdom

Answer 17

cells can have
- chloroplasts
- cell wall
- flagella
but there is lots of variation

Question 18

what is the bacterial cell wall made out of

Answer 18

peptidoglycan (a complex molecule of sugars and proteins)

Question 19

defining features of the bacterial kingdom

Answer 19

They are TINY
They don’t have a nucleus
They have a single circular chromosome which holds their DNA
cells can have:
- a slime capsule
- plasmids (small circles of DNA)
- a flagellum

Question 20

are bacteria single or multi cellular

Answer 20

all single celled

Question 21

what are pathogens

Answer 21

microorganisms which cause infectious diseases
- all viruses are pathogens
- bacteria fungi and protoctista can also be pathogens

Question 22

what is a virus (biologically)

Answer 22

a strand of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat

Question 23

are viruses alive

Answer 23

no they are not cells and are not alive - they do not respire of carry out any of the other normal processes

Question 24

how do viruses reproduce

Answer 24

they have to enter a host cell where they take over the ribosomes and enzymes in the cell to make new virus particles. when many new viruses have been made the cell dies and the viruses are released to infect new cells

Question 25

how does saprotrophic nutrition occur

Answer 25

the decomposers (fungi and some bacteria) secrete digestive enzymes outside of their cells onto the dead organism. this is broken down into small, soluble molecules which are then absorbed by the decomposer