Kingdoms (From big to small) Flashcards
What are eukaryotes
Organisms whose cells contain a proper nucleus
What is the only prokaryotic kingdom
Bacteria
What kingdoms are always multicellular
Plants
Animals
Are fungi multicellular
Sometimes
Are protoctista multicellular
No
Are bacteria multicellular
No
What are two defining features of the plant kingdom
Chloroplasts
Cellulose cell wall
In what two ways do plants store carbohydrates
As starch or sucrose
How do animals GAIN energy
By eating other living things to obtain nutrients
How do animals store carbohydrates
As glycogen
What are the structures in fungi
-consists of threads of cells called hyphae
-whole structure called a mycelium
Defining features of the fungi kingdom
No chloroplasts
Chitin cell wall
Many nuclei per (large) cell
How do fungi gain their energy
Through saprophytic nutrition
How do some fungi reproduce
Mushroom or toadstool
How did fungi store carbohydrates
As glycogen
How do protoctista gain their energy
Photosynthesis
Feeding on living organisms
Feeding on organic remains
defining features of the protoctista kingdom
cells can have
- chloroplasts
- cell wall
- flagella
but there is lots of variation
what is the bacterial cell wall made out of
peptidoglycan (a complex molecule of sugars and proteins)
defining features of the bacterial kingdom
They are TINY
They don’t have a nucleus
They have a single circular chromosome which holds their DNA
cells can have:
- a slime capsule
- plasmids (small circles of DNA)
- a flagellum
are bacteria single or multi cellular
all single celled
what are pathogens
microorganisms which cause infectious diseases
- all viruses are pathogens
- bacteria fungi and protoctista can also be pathogens
what is a virus (biologically)
a strand of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
are viruses alive
no they are not cells and are not alive - they do not respire of carry out any of the other normal processes
how do viruses reproduce
they have to enter a host cell where they take over the ribosomes and enzymes in the cell to make new virus particles. when many new viruses have been made the cell dies and the viruses are released to infect new cells
how does saprotrophic nutrition occur
the decomposers (fungi and some bacteria) secrete digestive enzymes outside of their cells onto the dead organism. this is broken down into small, soluble molecules which are then absorbed by the decomposer
